Will AI replace Electrical engineers?

Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 130 official task statements scored for Electrical engineers (United Kingdom, SOC 2123), 19% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 30 out of 100 (range 25–36, band: low). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.

Which tasks in “Electrical engineers” can AI already do?

The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Maintain photonic design histories” (93/100, very high); “Calculate cost estimates for labour and materials” (93/100, very high); “Compile data regarding electrical engineering studies or projects” (93/100, very high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.

Which tasks in “Electrical engineers” stay human?

About 68% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Maintain high voltage lines, de-energising them for repairs as requested by power companies” (0/100, minimal); “Test air lines and cylinders in pneumatically operated gates for functionality” (0/100, minimal); “Test circuits and connections by opening and closing gates” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.

What should someone working in “Electrical engineers” do about AI?

Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 19% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 68% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.

How is the AI exposure score for Electrical engineers calculated?

Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 130 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

UK dataswitch to US

Electrical engineers

analysing system performance or operational requirements to improve laser technology applications, adhering to established safe working practices and complying with industry-specific safety regulations to ensure operational safety. If that's your week, this page is about your job.

The honest answer

AI is already taking a real slice of the routine work here: calculating cost estimates for labour and materials. That is a slice of tasks, not of you.

Your move: what you can actually do about this ↓

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 19%
changing shape: 12%
staying human: 68%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

Whole-job exposure score 30 out of 100 (25–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, across 130 scored tasks. The number is the support for the sentence above it, not a headline about anyone’s future.

How we know this

What is measured: Every published task statement for electrical engineers is rated on five dimensions: can a model produce the output, does the work need a body in a room, does it need a legally accountable person, does it depend on a person being trusted in the moment, and how much data exists. A published formula turns those five ratings into the score; the model never writes the number.

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

That slice is not coming back; the core of the job, overseeing manufacturing processes to ensure compliance with specifications, stays yours. The tools change hands, the accountability doesn't.

Your week, as this page understands it

Electrical engineers undertake research and design, direct construction and manage the operation and maintenance of electrical equipment, power stations, building control systems and other electrical products and systems. The job title says “electrical engineers”. The real job is the part underneath: overseeing manufacturing processes to ensure compliance with specifications. That is the thing someone has to be right about.

The exposed part of this job is specific, and we won’t pretend it is coming back. But electrical engineers is not one task. It is 130 scored ones, and they are nowhere near equally exposed. The most durable of them, on this evidence, is overseeing manufacturing processes to ensure compliance with specifications, and the ledger below shows exactly why.

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 19%
changing shape: 12%
staying human: 68%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

How we know this

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

Your job, task by task

These are the official task statements for this occupation, in plain English, sorted by what the evidence says is happening to each one. The official wording sits under every line so you can check the rewrite against it.

Shifting to AI

27 tasks

Tasks today’s tools can already do most of. This is the part we will not soften: where these rows are the bulk of your week, the week changes.

Analysing and interpreting test data to optimise power system performance
This is reading one thing and writing another: test data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 90 · 2123/02
Source: “Analyse and interpret test data to optimise power system performance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Interpreting test data against expected performance is analysis that software does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing detailed designs for new systems and products
This is reading one thing and writing another: detailed designs in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2123/02
Source: “Develop detailed designs for new systems and products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Detailed design documents follow well-known patterns that software can draft.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Calculating cost estimates for labour and materials
This is reading one thing and writing another: cost estimates in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2123/02
Source: “Calculate cost estimates for labour and materials.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Costing labour and materials from rates and quantities is spreadsheet arithmetic.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting quality assurance tests to qualify the final product or system against specified standards
This is reading one thing and writing another: quality assurance tests in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2123/02
Source: “Conduct quality assurance tests to qualify the final product or system against specified standards.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Testing a product against written standards is systematic checking software does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Changing shape

16 tasks

Tasks where the machine takes the producing and a person keeps the checking, the deciding, or the answering-for-it. For most jobs this is the biggest group, and it is where "transformation, not termination" is literally visible.

Analysing system performance or operational requirements to improve laser technology applications
The software now makes the first pass at system performance, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 95 · 2123/01
Source: “Analyse system performance or operational requirements to improve laser technology applications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: AI can crunch the performance data, but interpreting it for a specific laser system needs specialist judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Calculating and setting standards or specifications
The software now makes the first pass at standards, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2123/02
Source: “Calculate and set standards or specifications for manufacturing, construction, or installation through detailed calculations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: The calculations are standard, but published specifications carry an accountable engineer's name.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Determining applications of photonics appropriate to meet product objectives or features
The software now makes the first pass at this work, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2123/01
Source: “Determine applications of photonics appropriate to meet product objectives or features.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Matching photonics options to product needs is desk analysis, though the decisive detail is specific to the product.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.

Staying human

87 tasks

Tasks that stay with a person, because they happen in the physical world, because the rules need someone accountable, or because the value is that a specific person does them.

Overseeing manufacturing processes to ensure compliance with specifications
This work happens in the physical world: processes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2123/01, 2123/02
Source: “Oversee manufacturing processes to ensure compliance with specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 7 out of 100 (3–11 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking that manufacturing matches the specification means being on the production floor.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Designing gas lasers
The ratings behind this row put gas lasers well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 95 · 2123/01
Source: “Design gas lasers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: Laser design is specialist physics with few worked examples available, so AI gives starting points only.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Designing photonics systems or components
The ratings behind this row put photonics systems well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 95 · 2123/01
Source: “Design photonics systems or components.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: Photonics design depends on detailed physics and hardware knowledge that AI can sketch but not settle.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.

Show the other 120 tasks

Maintaining photonic design histories
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: photonic design histories in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2123/01
Source: “Maintain photonic design histories.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping design records organised and complete is structured document work software does reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Compiling data regarding electrical engineering studies or projects
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data regarding electrical engineering studies in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Compile data regarding electrical engineering studies or projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Pulling project data together into one place is routine information handling.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recording test data in technical reports for equipment performance analysis
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: test data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Record test data in technical reports for equipment performance analysis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning test readings into a technical report is structured writing and number work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reading current literature to stay informed about field-specific developments
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: current literature in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 50 · 2123/01
Source: “Read current literature to stay informed about field-specific developments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (79–87 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping up with published literature is reading and summarising, which software does quickly across far more sources.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Writing proposals related to photonics research or development projects
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: proposals in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2123/01
Source: “Write proposals related to photonics research or development projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Proposals follow known structures and reuse existing project material, which AI drafts to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Operating computer-assisted engineering or designing software or equipment to perform electronics engineering tasks
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: computer-assisted in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2123/02
Source: “Operate computer-assisted engineering or design software or equipment to perform electronics engineering tasks.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Design software is increasingly automated, and routine drawing and simulation tasks are well within reach.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Collecting data on development, population or power system interconnection to assess electrical systems' efficiency
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Collect data on development, population, or power system interconnection to assess electrical systems' efficiency.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Gathering and analysing network and demand data is exactly what analysis software is for.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Using numerical tools to investigate the performance of gas turbine components/parts
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: numerical tools in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Use numerical tools to investigate the performance of gas turbine components/parts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Numerical investigation of turbine performance is simulation work software already performs.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Estimating costs for budgeting and financial planning
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: costs in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 65 · 2123/02
Source: “Estimate costs for budgeting and financial planning.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Cost estimates are built from price lists and past figures, which software is good at pulling together.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing technical presentations that explain products or services to customers and prospective customers
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: technical presentations in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 65 · 2123/03
Source: “Prepare technical presentations that explain products or services to customers and prospective customers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Building a clear technical deck from product information is well-supported desk work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recording details of repairs made and parts
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: details of repairs made in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 2123/03
Source: “Record details of repairs made and parts used.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 69 out of 100 (65–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Repair and parts records are structured entries that maintenance systems already capture with little effort.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing specifications for equipment and tools to optimise power generation
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: specifications in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2123/02
Source: “Develop specifications for equipment and tools to optimise power generation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing equipment specifications draws on published standards and existing documents.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Writing and reviewing reports on power systems to ensure reliability and efficiency
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Write and review reports on power systems to ensure reliability and efficiency.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing and checking technical reports from system data is document work AI handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Writing project plans for facility construction and management
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: project plans in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Write project plans for facility construction and management.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Project plans for construction follow familiar structures and reuse prior material, so software drafts them well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Ensuring drawings or models comply with engineering specifications
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: drawings in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2123/03
Source: “Ensure drawings or models comply with engineering specifications, codes, and standards.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Checking drawings against codes and specifications is rule-based comparison that software does reliably, with engineers confirming the exceptions.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Gathering and interpreting technical information
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: technical information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2123/03
Source: “Gather and interpret technical information, such as drawings and plans, needed for rail engineering activities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading and pulling together drawings and plans is document work software increasingly handles.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Utilising digital technologies and techniques
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: digital technologies in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2123/03
Source: “Utilise digital technologies and techniques, such as Computer Aided Design (CAD) or Building Information Modelling (BIM), to prepare, produce and present civil engineering designs and visualisations in accordance with approved design procedures and systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Producing design drawings and models in standard software is well-supported, repeatable technical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Contributing to commercial and contractual reviews within the regulated railway industry
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: commercial in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Contribute to commercial and contractual reviews within the regulated railway industry.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reviewing commercial and contract documents is reading and analysis, which AI does to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing and modifying civil engineering diagrams
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: civil engineering diagrams in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Prepare and modify civil engineering diagrams, drawings, and models.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Preparing and amending engineering drawings follows set conventions that design software handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Purchasing selected laser cutting equipment
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: selected laser cutting equipment in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 55 · 2123/01
Source: “Purchase selected laser cutting equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Comparing machines against a specification and preparing the purchase case is research and paperwork.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Providing quotations and cost estimates for required work
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: quotations in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 65 · 2123/02
Source: “Provide quotations and cost estimates for required work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Pricing from a specification and a rate card is calculation and document work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Communicating effectively with a range of audiences through written reports and presentations
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: a range of audiences in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Communicate effectively with a range of audiences through written reports and presentations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Written reports and slide decks for different audiences are drafted well, though delivery is still a person's job.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Supporting the project system engineer in requirements management
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: the project system engineer in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Support the project system engineer in requirements management.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Requirements administration is structured document work software supports well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing image and signal processing technologies for optical systems
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at image, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2123/01
Source: “Develop image and signal processing technologies for optical systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Signal and image processing is code, which AI drafts well, though tuning it to real optics takes expertise.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Managing their own professional development
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at their own professional development, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 65 · 2123/03
Source: “Manage their own professional development, keeping up to date with technical knowledge and skills, and recording these through CPD records.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: The record-keeping side is easy to automate, but the point of continuing development is the person's own learning.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Monitoring a product in use to improve on future design
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at a product, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Monitor a product in use to improve on future design.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Field performance data is captured automatically and analysing it for design lessons is software's strength.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Applying mechanical principles to solve specific engineering problems
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at mechanical principles, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2123/02
Source: “Apply mechanical principles to solve specific engineering problems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Applying mechanical principles to a specific problem needs engineering judgement, though software handles much of the calculation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Interpreting design sketches, specifications or drawings to develop efficient power systems
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at design sketches, specifications or drawings, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2123/02
Source: “Interpret design sketches, specifications, or drawings to develop efficient power systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: AI reads drawings reasonably well, but turning them into a working system design needs an engineer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Producing three-dimensional models using computer-aided design
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at three-dimensional models, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Produce three-dimensional models using computer-aided design (CAD) software.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (46–54 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Producing three-dimensional models is skilled software work; tools can generate parts of a model but an engineer still shapes it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Creating technical drawings
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at technical drawings, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 65 · 2123/02
Source: “Create technical drawings for work including wind systems, soundboards, and casework to specification.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Drawings can be produced by software, but this is bespoke work where the detail comes from the craft.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Undertaking design engineering to produce detailed plans and proposals for the electricity network
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at design, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2123/02
Source: “Undertake design engineering to produce detailed plans and proposals for the electricity network.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 44 out of 100 (37–51 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Network design plans follow standards and can be drafted digitally, though an engineer still owns the technical choices.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Analysing outputs for technical railway engineering solutions
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at outputs, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2123/03
Source: “Analyse outputs for technical railway engineering solutions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 44 out of 100 (37–51 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Analysis is well suited to software, though railway solutions depend on scheme-specific data and standards.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Planning the layout of electric power generating plants
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the layout of electric power generating plants, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2123/02
Source: “Plan the layout of electric power generating plants, distribution lines, or substations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Layouts can be drafted from standards, but the design carries an accountable engineer's sign-off.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing electrical instruments and systems for various purposes
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at electrical instruments, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2123/02
Source: “Design electrical instruments and systems for various purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Standard designs can be drafted quickly, though the finished design needs a responsible engineer behind it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Continuing education to deepen understanding of technology
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at education, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 50 · 2123/01
Source: “Continue education to deepen understanding of technology.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over.
The rating behind it: AI can summarise new technology quickly, but the understanding has to end up in the engineer's head.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Liaising between clients and contractors to facilitate project requirements
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at clients, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Liaise between clients and contractors to facilitate project requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Documents move easily, but keeping clients and contractors aligned depends on the person in the middle.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Presenting technical information on power systems to clients
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles technical information and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Present technical information on power systems to clients.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 39 out of 100 (32–46 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: The material is easy to prepare, though clients want an engineer in the room to answer questions.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recommending modifications based on prototype test results
staying human
The ratings behind this row put modifications well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Recommend modifications based on prototype test results.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Recommending changes from prototype results is analysis software supports, though interpreting a physical prototype needs engineering experience.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Undertaking quality assurance for managed tasks and resources
staying human
The ratings behind this row put quality assurance well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 75 · 2123/03
Source: “Undertake quality assurance for managed tasks and resources.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Quality assurance follows documented procedures software supports, though checking the actual work usually means being present.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Ensuring production compliance with legislative
staying human
The ratings behind this row put production compliance well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Ensure production compliance with legislative, organisational, and industry standards and requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Checking production against standards is documented comparison software supports, though verifying the line means being there.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Ensuring the finished production is delivered on time and within budget
staying human
The ratings behind this row put the finished production well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Ensure the finished production is delivered on time and within budget.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 37 out of 100 (30–44 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Tracking delivery against time and budget is systems work, but bringing a production in relies on people.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Utilising creative thinking and problem-solving techniques to challenge assumptions and contribute to continuous improvement
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles creative and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Utilise creative thinking and problem-solving techniques to challenge assumptions and contribute to continuous improvement.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Challenging assumptions usefully depends on knowing the organisation and being heard within it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Providing expertise on assembly and fabrication techniques
staying human
The ratings behind this row put expertise well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 65 · 2123/01
Source: “Provide expertise on assembly and fabrication techniques.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 32 out of 100 (25–39 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: General technique is documented, but useful advice depends on knowing this shop's kit and people.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Providing expert advice and input for rail civil engineering policies
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for expert advice, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Provide expert advice and input for rail civil engineering policies, standards, and specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 32 out of 100 (25–39 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Advising on rail standards and policy carries real weight in a safety-critical industry, so experienced engineers stay accountable.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Identifying and managing risks associated with the work
staying human
The ratings behind this row put risks well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Identify and manage risks associated with the work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 32 out of 100 (25–39 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Risk identification uses documented methods and registers software handles, though spotting site-specific risks still benefits from an engineer's eye.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Participating in meetings to discuss project updates
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles meetings and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 65 · 2123/02
Source: “Participate in meetings to discuss project updates.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Project updates can be written up easily, but taking part in the meeting means being there.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Researching and developing new technologies
staying human
The ratings behind this row put new technologies well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Research and develop new technologies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over.
The rating behind it: Genuinely new technology comes from experiment and invention, not from summarising what already exists.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing and conducting specific tests to evaluate product performance
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: specific tests, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/02
Source: “Design and conduct specific tests to evaluate product performance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Test plans are easy to draft, but running the tests means handling the product on a bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing laser-processed designs, such as laser-cut medical devices
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for laser-processed designs, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 85 · 2123/01
Source: “Develop laser-processed designs, such as laser-cut medical devices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 28 out of 100 (18–38 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence, and it moved between repeat runs, so the range is widened.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Designs can be drafted, but medical device work needs a named engineer accountable for the result.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting risk assessments and hazard reviews to ensure safe working practices in rail operations
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for risk assessments, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 85 · 2123/03
Source: “Conduct risk assessments and hazard reviews to ensure safe working practices in rail operations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 28 out of 100 (21–35 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Rail risk assessments follow published methods, but significant changes must be independently assessed by a recognised body, so a qualified person stays involved.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing innovative solutions to complex technical engineering problems using analytical techniques
staying human
The ratings behind this row put innovative solutions well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Develop innovative solutions to complex technical engineering problems using analytical techniques.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 28 out of 100 (24–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: Genuinely novel engineering solutions need original judgement; software helps with analysis but rarely produces the answer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Discussing existing or potential engineering projects or products with engineers
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles potential engineering projects and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Discuss existing or potential engineering projects or products with engineers, customers, or other stakeholders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 26 out of 100 (19–33 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Notes and options can be prepared, but the discussion itself is between people around a table.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Diagnosing faults in power systems to ensure reliable energy supply
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: faults, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/02
Source: “Diagnose faults in power systems to ensure reliable energy supply.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Monitoring data narrows the fault, but confirming it usually means going out to the equipment.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Performing asset management activities to maintain and improve the integrity of the electricity network
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: asset management activities, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/02
Source: “Perform asset management activities to maintain and improve the integrity of the electricity network.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Asset data analysis is strong ground for software; the inspections behind it are not.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Monitoring operations to ensure health and safety standards are met
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: operations, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Monitor operations to ensure health and safety standards are met.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Monitoring whether safety standards are actually met means being present to see the work as it happens.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Investigating the functionality of existing products
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the functionality of existing products, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Investigate the functionality of existing products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Understanding how an existing product behaves usually means taking it apart and testing it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Designing infrared devices
staying human
The ratings behind this row put infrared devices well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 90 · 2123/01
Source: “Design infrared devices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: Infrared device design needs specialist physics and testing; AI can only suggest starting points.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Designing or redesigning optical fibres to minimise energy loss
staying human
The ratings behind this row put optical fibres well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 90 · 2123/01
Source: “Design or redesign optical fibres to minimise energy loss.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: Optical fibre design turns on materials behaviour that is largely proprietary and needs expert work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Designing railway engineering projects to enhance environmental sustainability
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for railway engineering projects, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Design railway engineering projects to enhance environmental sustainability, safety, security, and inclusivity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Railway design work can be drafted digitally, but safety-critical changes need approved independent assessment before they proceed.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Designing and modifying the combustor
staying human
The ratings behind this row put the combustor well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Design and modify the combustor, including conceptual details.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 22 out of 100 (15–29 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: Combustor design is specialist work with sparse public detail, needing experienced engineers even with strong analysis tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Designing and modifying turbomachinery components
staying human
The ratings behind this row put turbomachinery components well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Design and modify turbomachinery components, including conceptual details.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 22 out of 100 (15–29 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: Turbomachinery design is specialist work with limited public detail, needing experienced engineers even with strong analysis tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Improving electrical systems for domestic purposes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: electrical systems, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Improve electrical systems for domestic purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 22 out of 100 (15–29 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Improvements can be designed on paper, but domestic electrical work must be certified by a competent person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Providing technical support for turbomachinery component production
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: technical support, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Provide technical support for turbomachinery component production.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 21 out of 100 (14–28 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Supporting component production means being available on the shop floor when problems arise.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting training sessions for maintenance personnel
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: sessions, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 2123/01
Source: “Conduct training sessions for maintenance personnel.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 20 out of 100 (13–27 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Course material is easy to produce; training maintenance staff happens around the equipment.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Applying effective systems engineering practice
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles effective systems engineering practice and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2123/03
Source: “Apply effective systems engineering practice, considering the interfaces between work packages and promoting and maintaining effective communications between disciplines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 20 out of 100 (13–27 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Systems engineering across work packages depends on keeping people talking to each other, which software can support but not replace.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Collaborating within a multidisciplinary team to achieve common goals
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles within a multidisciplinary team and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Collaborate within a multidisciplinary team to achieve common goals.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (14–22 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Working well in a mixed team depends on the relationships between the people in it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing integrated designs that maintain or improve the safety and reliability of the railway
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for integrated designs, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 85 · 2123/03
Source: “Develop integrated designs that maintain or improve the safety and reliability of the railway.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (11–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Railway designs can be drafted digitally, but safety-critical rail changes need an approved assessor, and integration judgement stays with experienced engineers.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Ensuring safe systems of work
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: safe systems of work, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Ensure safe systems of work are applied, hazards and risks are identified and mitigated in their own work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (11–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Applying safe systems of work is about what you actually do at the workplace, not just the written method.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Speaking with colleagues to share knowledge in the field
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles colleagues and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 60 · 2123/01
Source: “Speak with colleagues to share knowledge in the field.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 17 out of 100 (10–24 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Sharing what you have learned with colleagues is a conversation between people, not something a machine can do for you.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Promoting Health and Safety compliance and developing a culture of safe working practices
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles health and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2123/03
Source: “Promote Health and Safety compliance and develop a culture of safe working practices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 17 out of 100 (13–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Building a safety culture depends on persuading colleagues face to face; software can supply the rules but not the example.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting application evaluations of electro-optical devices for various uses
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: application evaluations of electro-optical devices, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/01
Source: “Conduct application evaluations of electro-optical devices for various uses.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Evaluating a device for an application means putting it on a bench and measuring it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing manufacturing processes for light-emitting and light-sensitive devices
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: processes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/01
Source: “Develop manufacturing processes for light-emitting and light-sensitive devices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Process development is proved on real production equipment, not on paper.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing photonics sensing technologies to improve manufacturing efficiency
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: photonics sensing technologies, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2123/01
Source: “Develop photonics sensing technologies to improve manufacturing efficiency.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Sensing technology has to be built and proved on the factory floor.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Recognizing and evaluating the effectiveness of risk and safety leadership behaviours
staying human
The ratings behind this row put the effectiveness of risk well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Recognize and evaluate the effectiveness of risk and safety leadership behaviours.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (4–28 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: Judging how well leaders behave around risk relies on watching people, which is rarely written down.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Designing or developing new crystals for photonics applications
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: new crystals, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/01
Source: “Design or develop new crystals for photonics applications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (9–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Developing new crystals is laboratory work with materials, and much of the know-how is unpublished.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Managing multi-disciplinary teams and delegating tasks in line with talent management and succession planning
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles multi-disciplinary teams and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Manage multi-disciplinary teams and delegate tasks in line with talent management and succession planning.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (9–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Leading a mixed team and planning careers depends on knowing the people well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Coaching team members to enhance their skills and performance
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles team members and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 60 · 2123/03
Source: “Coach team members to enhance their skills and performance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (9–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Coaching works because someone believes in the person coaching them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Integrating electrical systems with renewable energy systems for efficiency improvement
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: electrical systems, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/02
Source: “Integrate electrical systems with renewable energy systems for efficiency improvement.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 12 out of 100 (5–19 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Connecting electrical and renewable systems is site work, and UK wiring and grid connection rules require approved competent people.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Delivering rail and rail systems engineering solutions using project management principles
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: rail, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2123/03
Source: “Deliver rail and rail systems engineering solutions using project management principles.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 12 out of 100 (5–19 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Delivering rail systems projects is coordination across teams and sites, with software helping mainly with planning and documents.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Applying rail civil engineering skills to support the performance and operation of the business
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: rail civil engineering skills, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Apply rail civil engineering skills to support the performance and operation of the business.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 12 out of 100 (5–19 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Supporting railway operation with civil engineering skill mixes site presence with analysis, and rail safety rules keep experienced engineers involved.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Supervising project team members as necessary to ensure electrical system integrity
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: project team members, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/02
Source: “Supervise project team members as necessary to ensure electrical system integrity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Supervising a project team is done through daily contact with the people doing the work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting completed work to ensure conformance
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: completed work, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Inspect completed work to ensure conformance to specifications, standards, and contract requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (6–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking finished work against the contract means going and looking at it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Adhering to established safe working practices
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: established safe working practices, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Adhere to established safe working practices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Following safety rules is about how you behave in a real workplace, not a document software can produce.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Adhering to health and safety requirements in the workplace
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: health, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Adhere to health and safety requirements in the workplace.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Following safety rules is about how you behave in a real workplace, not a document software can produce.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Delivering rail engineering solutions within budget and to industry specifications
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: rail engineering solutions within budget, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2123/03
Source: “Deliver rail engineering solutions within budget and to industry specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Delivering rail projects is coordination on the ground against strict industry specifications, with software supporting planning rather than delivery.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Establishing and maintaining strong collaborative relationships with customers
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles strong collaborative relationships and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Establish and maintain strong collaborative relationships with customers, suppliers, and stakeholders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (6–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Long-term working relationships with customers and suppliers are the whole point of this task.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 4/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Working collaboratively in teams and maintaining professional working relationships with colleagues and external stakeholders
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles teams and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Work collaboratively in teams and maintain professional working relationships with colleagues and external stakeholders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (6–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Working relationships with colleagues and outside partners are built between people.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 4/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Complying with industry-specific safety regulations to ensure operational safety
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: industry-specific safety regulations, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Comply with industry-specific safety regulations to ensure operational safety.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (2–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Complying with safety regulations is about what happens in the workplace, not the written rule software can supply.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Testing fibre-optic links to ensure operational functionality
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: fibre-optic links, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/01
Source: “Test fibre-optic links to ensure operational functionality.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Testing a fibre link means connecting instruments to it on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Determining functionality of photonics systems or components through testing
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: functionality of photonics systems, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/01
Source: “Determine functionality of photonics systems or components through testing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Functionality is proved by putting the hardware on a bench and measuring it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Optimising photonic process parameters by making prototype or production devices
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: photonic process parameters, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/01
Source: “Optimise photonic process parameters by making prototype or production devices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Optimising by building prototypes means making and measuring physical devices.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting field surveys to identify power system problems
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: field surveys, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/02
Source: “Conduct field surveys to identify power system problems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: A field survey means going out to the network and looking at it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Rigorouslying apply security procedures in transportation services
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: security procedures, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2123/03
Source: “Rigorously apply security procedures in transportation services.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 7 out of 100 (0–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Applying security procedures in transport means being present and acting on what you see.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Upgrading radio and electronic communications networks to improve connectivity
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: radio, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2123/03
Source: “Upgrade radio and electronic communications networks to improve connectivity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 7 out of 100 (3–11 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Upgrading a communications network means installing and commissioning equipment in the field.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Upgrading rail and signalling systems to enhance transport safety and efficiency
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: rail, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/03
Source: “Upgrade rail and signalling systems to enhance transport safety and efficiency.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Upgrading signalling means installing and commissioning equipment on the railway itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Assembling fibre optic, optoelectronic or free-space optics components, subcomponents, assemblies or subassemblies
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: fibre optic, optoelectronic or free-space optics components, subcomponents, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2123/01
Source: “Assemble fibre optic, optoelectronic, or free-space optics components, subcomponents, assemblies, or subassemblies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Assembling optical components is precise physical work done by hand under a microscope.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Operating laser cutting equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: laser cutting equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 2123/01
Source: “Operate laser cutting equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Operating a laser cutter is hands-on machine work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Assembling or disassembling complex power systems
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: complex power systems, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/02
Source: “Assemble or disassemble complex power systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Assembling power equipment is heavy physical work done on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Implementing electrical equipment and components for industrial
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: electrical equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/02
Source: “Implement electrical equipment and components for industrial use.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Putting electrical equipment into industrial use is hands-on installation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Carrying out installations in accordance with manufacturers' instructions and client requirements
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: installations, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Carry out installations in accordance with manufacturers' instructions and client requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Carrying out installations is hands-on work following instructions at the equipment itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Repairing electrical parts in industrial machines
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: electrical parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2123/02
Source: “Repair electrical parts in industrial machines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Repairing electrical parts inside machines is hands-on work with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting cables and other equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: cables, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Inspect cables and other equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Inspecting cables and equipment means being there and looking at them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing and dismantling transmission cables
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: transmission cables, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Install and dismantle transmission cables.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing and removing transmission cable is heavy outdoor work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Servicing and repairing plant equipment and machinery to maintain operational efficiency
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: plant equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2123/02
Source: “Service and repair plant equipment and machinery to maintain operational efficiency.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Servicing and repairing machinery is physical work with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting and maintaining batteries in railway signalling equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: batteries, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/03
Source: “Inspect and maintain batteries in railway signalling equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Checking and changing signalling batteries is trackside work under strict safety rules.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting electrical units of railway level crossing gates for defects
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: electrical units of railway level crossing gates, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/03
Source: “Inspect electrical units of railway level crossing gates for defects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Looking for defects in crossing equipment means being at the crossing with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing and inspecting various railway service equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: various railway service equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/03
Source: “Install and inspect various railway service equipment, including signal systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Installing and inspecting signalling equipment is physical work on the railway.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Repairing faults in signalling equipment to ensure railway safety
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: faults, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/03
Source: “Repair faults in signalling equipment to ensure railway safety.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Fixing signalling faults means being at the equipment with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Testing mechanical parts and circuitry of level crossings
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: mechanical parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/03
Source: “Test mechanical parts and circuitry of level crossings, signals, and signal equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Testing crossing and signal circuits is done on site with instruments.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Undertaking maintenance, construction and installation activities on rail assets according to engineering standards
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: maintenance, construction and installation activities, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2123/03
Source: “Undertake maintenance, construction, and installation activities on rail assets according to engineering standards.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Maintenance and installation on rail assets is physical trackside work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting switch-controlling mechanisms on tram wires and in track beds
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: mechanisms, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Inspect switch-controlling mechanisms on tram wires and in track beds, using hand tools and test equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Inspecting mechanisms in the track bed is hands-on work with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Lubricating moving parts on level crossing mechanisms and swinging signals
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Lubricate moving parts on level crossing mechanisms and swinging signals.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Lubricating moving parts is physical maintenance.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Replacing broken lenses in railway signalling equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: broken lenses, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Replace broken lenses in railway signalling equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Changing a signal lens is a physical repair at the signal.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Replacing faulty wiring
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: faulty, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Replace faulty wiring.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Replacing wiring is hands-on electrical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Replacing light bulbs in railway signalling equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: light bulbs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Replace light bulbs in railway signalling equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Changing bulbs in signalling equipment is physical maintenance on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Replacing or recharging batteries in signalling systems
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: batteries, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Replace or recharge batteries in signalling systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Swapping or charging batteries is physical work at the equipment.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Taking measurements and readings to maintain signalling system accuracy
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: measurements, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Take measurements and readings to maintain signalling system accuracy.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Taking readings means putting instruments on the equipment in place.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Testing circuits and connections by opening and closing gates
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: circuits, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2123/03
Source: “Test circuits and connections by opening and closing gates.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Testing by operating the gates is physical work at the crossing.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Testing air lines and cylinders in pneumatically operated gates for functionality
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: air lines, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2123/03
Source: “Test air lines and cylinders in pneumatically operated gates for functionality.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Testing air lines and cylinders means working on the equipment itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Maintaining high voltage lines, de-energising them for repairs as requested by power companies
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: high voltage lines, de-energising them, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 2123/03
Source: “Maintain high voltage lines, de-energising them for repairs as requested by power companies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Working on high voltage lines is physical work by authorised people under strict safety rules.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.

What this job pays, and how many people do it

Median pay: £60,300a year, before tax, the middle of the range, so half earn more and half earn less.ashe-t14, 2025 · ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
How we know this
Source: ashe-t14
Reference period: ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)
Rounding: Shown to the nearest £100. The exact published figure is in the downloadable dataset. We do not render pounds the survey cannot support.
People doing this job: 59,700in the UK, 2026.nomis-aps · Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period)This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.

What is deliberately not here: a forecast of how many of these jobs exist in ten years. Where an official projection exists for a market we publish it with its vintage; where it does not, we leave the space empty rather than borrow the other country’s number.

Why this is shifting

The reason is boringly specific. Most of what is shifting here is reading one thing and writing another: cost estimates in, a record out. The rows above are exactly that shape: calculating cost estimates for labour and materials and analysing and interpreting test data to optimise power system performance. What it cannot do is be there in the room, and that is still where processes get done. Which is why this page talks about your tasks changing, not your job ending.

Your move

Over a pint: what I’d tell you if you were my friend

Start with what does not change: overseeing manufacturing processes to ensure compliance with specifications is the middle of this job, and the evidence on this page says it stays with a person.

So, given all that: 19% of this job's task weight sits in rows the software is already learning, 12% in rows that change shape rather than disappear, and 68% in rows it is nowhere near. That is the position, measured across 130 scored tasks. It is not a forecast about you.

So the thing worth your attention is not the job going away. It is the layer around it. Calculating cost estimates for labour and materials is the part turning into software, and being the person who understands that layer is worth money.

This week: one thing

Ask the one question. Find whoever is bringing new software into your workplace (the manager, the office, whoever runs the system) and ask them what it is meant to do to cost estimates, and what it is not meant to touch. Ten minutes, this week, before anyone decides it for you.

What you end up holding: a straight answer about what is actually being rolled out, and when
How long it takes: ten minutes

If there’s nobody obvious to ask, or you’d rather not ask your manager: Put the same question to your union rep, your shift lead or the person who has been there longest, in person, over a break. Same ten minutes, same answer, and you will usually get a straighter one. Write down what they say. The note is the artifact, and it tells you whether gas lasers are in scope or not. Nothing to log into, no licence needed.

Over the next 90 days

Get inside the tool rollout rather than waiting for it. Over the next ninety days, ask to be in the group that tests, checks or signs off whatever new system arrives near analysing system performance or operational requirements to improve laser technology applications. It is usually an unglamorous seat that nobody fights for, and it is the one that decides how the software is used on your job rather than to it.

Over the next 12 months

On this evidence I would not retrain out of this job, and I will say that plainly rather than hedge it. The task list here is dominated by work that stays with a person. What I would do with a year is get formally recognised for the layer around it (the systems, the compliance, the planning), so you are the one who understands the software instead of the one it is done to. Before you pay for anything, spend an hour with National Careers Service. It is free and government-funded, and it is listed below with the rest of the free routes.

The roads out of here, and why I am not sending you down them

I looked at the obvious moves out of this job, and here is what I found.

I checked the 12 nearest UK occupations to electrical engineers (nearest by the work that AI is not taking, not by job title), and none of them survived. The closest was mechanical engineers (professional): only about 4% of its durable work is work you already do and it pays 15.2% less. And on the numbers you do not need one. This job scores 30/100 here, with only 19% of the task list in the top band, and “analyse system performance or operational requirements to improve laser technology applications” is not work that hands over cleanly. None of them beats deepening what you already have.

How that was checked: this job was compared against all 412 UK occupations in this release on their official task statements, and the 12 nearest were examined one by one. A move that turns on an industry, an employer or a qualification rather than on the work itself will not show up in a check like that. And this release carries no licence register, so anything you are weighing needs that looked up separately.

3 moves I checked and rejected

These are the obvious-looking jumps. They are here with their reasons rather than quietly dropped, because the ones that fail are worth knowing about. It is one less thing to turn over at night.

Mechanical engineers (professional)
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour on the work AI is not taking: you already design and conduct specific tests to evaluate product performance, and their equivalent is to conduct research to test the design and performance of equipment and systems. Across both published task lists that is about 4% of the durable work in that job.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 4% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. It is a pay cut, in those words: £51,110 against your £60,303, 15.2% less (ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional (both)). Retraining to earn less is a decision, not advice.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Production and process engineers
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “undertake design engineering to produce detailed plans and proposals for the electricity network”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 4% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 4% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. It is a pay cut, in those words: £47,946 against your £60,303, 20.5% less (ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional (both)). Retraining to earn less is a decision, not advice.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Aerospace engineers
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour on the work AI is not taking: you already design and conduct specific tests to evaluate product performance, and their equivalent is to conduct tests on aircraft components to ensure performance and safety. Across both published task lists that is about 3% of the durable work in that job.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 3% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →

What I’d stop worrying about

A friend tells you what not to spend fear on. This is that list.

The headline number you read somewhere
The big “X% of jobs” figures are about the whole economy, not about you. The number that describes your job is on this page: 19% of its task weight, across 130 scored tasks. Every row behind it is printed above with the source. Check ours; ignore theirs.
The headlines about your trade disappearing
They are usually about the technology, not the timetable. Changes to work like overseeing manufacturing processes to ensure compliance with specifications arrive through rules, insurance and money, slowly and visibly. This page tracks the task evidence and will move when it moves.
Retraining out of a job that is holding up
On this evidence I would not spend money leaving. Spend it on the layer around the job instead: the tools, the paperwork, the planning. That is where the change actually is.
The “obvious” next job everyone suggests
I checked the obvious moves and most of them did not survive. The reasons are printed with the routes above, including the pay and the gate. A move that fails on the numbers is worth knowing about so you can stop turning it over at night.

You are reading the United Kingdom figures

The United States splits this work across more than one official group, of which Electrical Engineers is the closest. The pay and employment figures are not directly comparable, and we do not average them together.

Switch to the United States page →partial match

The other groups this work is counted across:

Signal and Track Switch Repairers

In US official statistics this job is counted as Electrical Engineers and Signal and Track Switch Repairers. Pay is shown separately for each of those groups (medians cannot be averaged together), while the task list and the scores on this page are for this group only.

Your route through this

Where to go next, and what it costs

Free, and complete

The moves above cost nothing. These are the real services that go with them: public, government-funded, and free at the point of use. Nothing on this page is behind an email address or a payment.

In England:
National Careers Service
A free hour with a government-funded careers adviser is worth more than another evening of reading. In England that's the National Careers Service.
Free, government-funded
- Discover your skills and careers (the skills assessment)
In England:
National Careers Service - Find a course
Search what's actually running near you before you spend anything.
Free to search; individual courses vary
In England:
Free courses for jobs (Level 3 qualifications)
A free Level 3 qualification you already qualify for beats a paid course you don't need.
Free for eligible adults
In England:
Skills Bootcamps
Free, up to 16 weeks, and you get a job interview at the end. In England these are Skills Bootcamps - search what's running near you.
Free for eligible adults in England
- Skills Bootcamps - what they are and who can do them (DfE, Skills for Careers)
- Skills Bootcamps - JobHelp (DWP)
In Scotland:
My World of Work (Skills Development Scotland)
In Scotland it's My World of Work, from Skills Development Scotland.
Free, publicly funded
- Skills Development Scotland
In Wales:
Careers Wales
In Wales it's Careers Wales.
Free, Welsh Government-funded
In Northern Ireland:
Careers Service Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland it's the Careers Service on nidirect.
Free, Department for the Economy-funded

No Space for this job, but one for what is happening to it

Nothing Collab365 runs is built for electrical engineers, and we are not going to point you at the nearest one and call it a fit.

There is one that is not about a job title at all. The AI Authority is about being the person who directs these tools at work rather than the person they get compared to. That is worth saying here, because 19% of the work on this page is already inside what they can do.

Try The AI Authority free →

7 days free, no card needed. Explore up to 2 Spaces before you choose a plan: you pick a plan later, not now.

The AI Authority is a general community about working with AI, not a course for electrical engineers. You do not need it to act on anything here: the moves above cost nothing and stand on their own. The data on this page is the same either way.

Noted, and thank you. We’ll email you if a Space for electrical engineers launches. Nothing else.

That did not look like an email address, so nothing was saved. Have another go below.

We could not save that. The fault is ours, not yours, and your address was not stored. Please try again later.

No Space for electrical engineers yet. Should there be one?

Collab365 Spaces is built by the same people as this site. We find the problems that AI and automation are creating inside one kind of work, then solve them as short courses, briefings and Blueprints. Each Space is the community too, so the research and the people doing your job are in the same place.

What a Space actually is, in full

Collab365 launches new communities where the need is real. If one for electrical engineers existed, with researched problems, courses and people in the same boat, would you want in?

Your email

We use your email address for one thing: to tell you if a Space for electrical engineers launches. We never sell it, never use it for unrelated marketing, and every email has a one-click unsubscribe. Our privacy policy has the full version.

This unlocks nothing. Every figure, every row and every step on this page is already yours, whether you fill this in or not.

No deadline on any of this. The page will still be here, and the data is refreshed on a published schedule rather than when someone wants a headline.

Questions people ask about this job

Will AI replace Electrical engineers?: Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 130 official task statements scored for Electrical engineers (United Kingdom, SOC 2123), 19% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 30 out of 100 (range 25–36, band: low). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.
Which tasks in “Electrical engineers” can AI already do?: The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Maintain photonic design histories” (93/100, very high); “Calculate cost estimates for labour and materials” (93/100, very high); “Compile data regarding electrical engineering studies or projects” (93/100, very high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.
Which tasks in “Electrical engineers” stay human?: About 68% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Maintain high voltage lines, de-energising them for repairs as requested by power companies” (0/100, minimal); “Test air lines and cylinders in pneumatically operated gates for functionality” (0/100, minimal); “Test circuits and connections by opening and closing gates” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.
What should someone working in “Electrical engineers” do about AI?: Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 19% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 68% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.
How is the AI exposure score for Electrical engineers calculated?: Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 130 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

Where these numbers come from

About the data on this page

Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.
One task scored differently between repeat runs, so its range on this page is wider. We would rather show the wobble than hide it.
One row is marked low confidence, so treat it as a ballpark rather than a fine measurement.
The match between this job and its counterpart in the other country is partial, so the two pages count slightly different groups of people.
30 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Task statements: gaisi-indexProcessing: catalogue-bridge → ssc-relatedness-weighting → task-scoring → score-aggregation
Task weights: gaisi-index (relatedness)
Scores: Rubric task_scoring_v1.0, model claude-opus-5, computed 2026-08-05.
Pay and employment: ashe-t14 (ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025))nomis-aps (Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period))

Figures on this page come from release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Every release keeps its own permanent address, so a figure you cite in March is still there, unchanged, in November.

The plain-English wording on this page is assembled directly from the task statements and the published ratings, not written by hand for this occupation. That is why it is specific, and it is also why we say so.

The routes and free resources further up are today’s, not the release’s (last reviewed 2026-08-05). A route is an offer, not a historical fact, so it moves on its own clock.

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Everything on this site is published under CC BY 4.0. Quote it, chart it, sell something built on it. Just say where it came from, and cite the dated release rather than the site, so the figure you quote stays checkable.

Plain text

Collab365 (2026). Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1 (methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0). https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Built with O*NET data (USDOL/ETA, CC BY 4.0); ONS data (Open Government Licence v3.0); GAISI task framework (arXiv:2507.22748, MIT); BLS data (public domain).

BibTeX

@misc{collab365futureproof2026q41,
  title        = {Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1},
  author       = {{Collab365}},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1},
  note         = {Release 2026-q4.1, methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0, CC BY 4.0}
}

Permalink

https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1

Data as of release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Releases never change after publication; when the figures move, a new dated release is published beside this one and this one stays exactly where it is.