Will AI replace Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out?

Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 87 official task statements scored for Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out (United Kingdom, SOC 5222), 6% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 18 out of 100 (range 15–23, band: minimal). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.

Which tasks in “Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out” can AI already do?

The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Report project progress and technical updates to directors and clients using APQP reporting” (79/100, high); “Determine product specifications, tool requirements, and operational sequences by studying blueprints, work orders, or machining instructions” (75/100, high); “Apply planning techniques to meet specific design, technical, and budgetary requirements” (75/100, high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.

Which tasks in “Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out” stay human?

About 78% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Lift and position workpieces in relation to surface plates using parallel blocks and angle plates, manually or with hoists” (0/100, minimal); “Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws” (0/100, minimal); “Set up and operate drill presses to drill and tap holes in parts for assembly” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.

What should someone working in “Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out” do about AI?

Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 6% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 78% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.

How is the AI exposure score for Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out calculated?

Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 87 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

UK dataswitch to US

Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out

creating models using computer aided design, drilling holes in parts and assemblies for fasteners using power tools and filing parts to finished dimensions. If that's your week, this page is about your job.

The honest answer

AI changes the edges of this job, not the middle: fitting and assembling parts to repair or modify dies is work software can't reach.

Your move: what you can actually do about this ↓

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 6%
changing shape: 15%
staying human: 78%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

Whole-job exposure score 18 out of 100 (15–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, across 87 scored tasks. The number is the support for the sentence above it, not a headline about anyone’s future.

How we know this

What is measured: Every published task statement for tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out is rated on five dimensions: can a model produce the output, does the work need a body in a room, does it need a legally accountable person, does it depend on a person being trusted in the moment, and how much data exists. A published formula turns those five ratings into the score; the model never writes the number.

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

What shifts is determining product specifications, tool requirements and operational sequences by studying blueprints, work orders or machining instructions: the overhead at the edges, not the middle you trained for.

Your week, as this page understands it

Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out mark out metal for machining and fit, assemble and repair machine and press tools, dies, jigs, fixtures and other tools. The job title says “tool makers”, “tool fitters” or “markers-out”: officially one job, several names. The real job is the part underneath: fitting and assembling parts to repair or modify dies. That is the thing someone has to be right about.

The exposed part of this job is specific, and we won’t pretend it is coming back. But tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out is not one task. It is 87 scored ones, and they are nowhere near equally exposed. The most durable of them, on this evidence, is fitting and assembling parts to repair or modify dies, and the ledger below shows exactly why.

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 6%
changing shape: 15%
staying human: 78%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

How we know this

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

Your job, task by task

These are the official task statements for this occupation, in plain English, sorted by what the evidence says is happening to each one. The official wording sits under every line so you can check the rewrite against it.

53 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Shifting to AI

6 tasks

Tasks today’s tools can already do most of. This is the part we will not soften: where these rows are the bulk of your week, the week changes.

Determining product specifications, tool requirements and operational sequences by studying blueprints, work orders or machining instructions
This is reading one thing and writing another: product specifications, tool requirements and operational sequences in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Determine product specifications, tool requirements, and operational sequences by studying blueprints, work orders, or machining instructions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading a drawing or work order to plan tooling and sequence is document analysis with documented practice behind it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Applying planning techniques to meet specific design
This is reading one thing and writing another: techniques in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5222/02
Source: “Apply planning techniques to meet specific design, technical, and budgetary requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Planning to hit design, technical and cost targets is documented project work software can draft from the requirements.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing a tool design brief that includes cost
This is reading one thing and writing another: a tool design brief in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5222/02
Source: “Develop a tool design brief that includes cost, quality, delivery, and health and safety considerations, such as tool handling features, to meet customer requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: A tool design brief pulls together cost, quality, delivery and safety points in a familiar document format software drafts well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Interpreting customer data to develop a tool process route meeting the client's quality and quantity requirements
This is reading one thing and writing another: customer data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5222/02
Source: “Interpret customer data to develop a tool process route meeting the client's quality and quantity requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning a customer’s requirements into a process route is documented engineering planning software handles well from the specification.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Changing shape

13 tasks

Tasks where the machine takes the producing and a person keeps the checking, the deciding, or the answering-for-it. For most jobs this is the biggest group, and it is where "transformation, not termination" is literally visible.

Creating models using computer aided design
The software now makes the first pass at models, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 5222/01, 5222/02
Source: “Create models using computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) software.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Design software work happens on screen and AI can draft models, but a toolmaker still corrects the geometry and toolpaths before metal is cut.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Writing programmes for computer numerical control
The software now makes the first pass at programmes, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 5222/01
Source: “Write programmes for computer numerical control (CNC) machines to cut metal and plastic materials.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Code for cutting a part can be drafted automatically, though proving it on the actual machine remains the setter's job.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing specifications for mechanical equipment
The software now makes the first pass at specifications, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Develop specifications for mechanical equipment, dies, tools, and controls using CAD equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Specifying tooling and controls in drawing software is documented work tools support, though specialist judgement shapes the result.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Staying human

68 tasks

Tasks that stay with a person, because they happen in the physical world, because the rules need someone accountable, or because the value is that a specific person does them.

Fitting and assembling parts to repair or modify dies
This work happens in the physical world: parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/01, 5222/02
Source: “Fit and assemble parts to repair or modify dies, jigs, gauges, and tools using machine tools, hand tools, or welders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting and assembling dies and tools is skilled handwork at the bench and the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting assembled or finished products to ensure conformance
This work happens in the physical world: assembled, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/01, 5222/02
Source: “Inspect assembled or finished products to ensure conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring finished products with precision instruments requires handling them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Measuring workpiece dimensions using micrometres to ensure accuracy
This work happens in the physical world: workpiece dimensions, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/01, 5222/02
Source: “Measure workpiece dimensions using micrometres to ensure accuracy.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring parts with a micrometre requires handling them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Show the other 77 tasks

Reporting project progress and technical updates to directors and clients using APQP reporting
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: project progress in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5222/02
Source: “Report project progress and technical updates to directors and clients using APQP reporting.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 79 out of 100 (72–86 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Progress and technical reporting in a standard format is document work software produces quickly from project data.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Visualising and computing dimensions, sizes, shapes and tolerances of assemblies, based on specifications
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: dimensions, sizes, shapes and tolerances of assemblies in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5222/02
Source: “Visualise and compute dimensions, sizes, shapes, and tolerances of assemblies, based on specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Working out dimensions and tolerance stacks from a specification is geometry and arithmetic computers do precisely.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Creating detailed technical sketches to illustrate product specifications
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at detailed technical sketches, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5222/01
Source: “Create detailed technical sketches to illustrate product specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Precise technical sketches still need a person, as automatic drawing tools are not yet accurate enough for specifications.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Using bespoke computer aided design
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at bespoke computer aided design, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Use bespoke computer aided design (CAD) equipment to create the design of the unique press tools associated equipment necessary to produce the component.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Press tool design uses documented engineering, though the specialist modelling and toolmaking judgement still sits with a person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Determining material dimensions, required equipment and operations sequences by studying blueprints, drawings and sketches
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at material dimensions, required equipment and operations sequences, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Determine material dimensions, required equipment, and operations sequences by studying blueprints, drawings, and sketches.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading a drawing to work out sizes, tools and the order of work is analysis software does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Setting work procedures for fabricating structural products with metalworking machines
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at work procedures, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Set work procedures for fabricating structural products with metalworking machines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing the sequence of operations for a job is planning work software can draft from the drawing and available machines.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assessing machining procedures for efficiency and adaptability
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at procedures, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Assess machining procedures for efficiency and adaptability.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reviewing machining methods for efficiency is analysis software can do well from cycle times and process data.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Logging specifications and production operations of models for establishing operating standards
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at specifications, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5222/01
Source: “Log specifications and production operations of models for establishing operating standards.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing up specifications and production steps is record-keeping from information already gathered.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Programming computers to operate machinery for custom furniture production
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at computers, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5222/01
Source: “Programme computers to operate machinery for custom furniture production.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing the machine programme is coding work software already does well, with the maker checking it before cutting.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Considering manufacturing feasibility issues, safety and handling of components
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at feasibility issues, safety and handling of components, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5222/02
Source: “Consider manufacturing feasibility issues including safety and handling of components.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Judging whether a part can actually be made safely draws on published guidance plus knowledge of the workshop’s own kit.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Undertaking complex forming simulation trials where the new component is "formed" from a series of process steps
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at complex forming simulation trials, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 5222/02
Source: “Undertake complex forming simulation trials where the new component is "formed" from a series of process steps.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Forming simulations are run in software already, though setting them up properly needs specialist knowledge of the material and tooling.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Reading engineering drawings, illustrations or specifications to determine layouts
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at drawings, illustrations or specifications, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Read engineering drawings, illustrations, or specifications to determine layouts, sequences of operations, or identities or relationships of parts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading drawings to work out layout and order of operations is interpretation software is increasingly capable of.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Exchanging specific technical information with engineering
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles specific technical information and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Exchange specific technical information with engineering, supervisory, or manufacturing personnel.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 39 out of 100 (32–46 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Technical detail can be written down, but shop floor problems get sorted by talking them through.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Devising tools, dies, moulds, jigs and fixtures
staying human
The ratings behind this row put tools, dies, moulds, jigs and fixtures well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 85 · 5222/01
Source: “Devise tools, dies, moulds, jigs, and fixtures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Designing jigs, dies and fixtures needs hands-on knowledge of how the part behaves in the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Entering codes and instructions to program computer-controlled machinery
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: codes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/02
Source: “Enter codes and instructions to program computer-controlled machinery.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: The code itself can be drafted, but it is usually typed in at the machine's own control panel.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Communicating with designers to ensure design feasibility
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles designers and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 5222/02
Source: “Communicate with designers to ensure design feasibility.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Feasibility questions get settled in back-and-forth with designers, where being trusted to push back matters.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Offering counter proposals to the customer addressing these issues
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles counter proposals and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 5222/02
Source: “Offer counter proposals to the customer addressing these issues.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Putting counter proposals to a customer is a negotiation where software can prepare the options but not read the room.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Checking new programmes or machinery with numerical control programmers to ensure proper function
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: new programmes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5222/01
Source: “Check new programmes or machinery with numerical control programmers to ensure proper function.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 32 out of 100 (25–39 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Proving out a new CNC programme mixes simulation, which software does well, with test cuts on the actual machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Selecting jigs, holding fixtures, guides or stops for machines
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: jigs, holding fixtures, guides or stops, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Select jigs, holding fixtures, guides, or stops for machines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Choosing fixtures is partly a lookup, but it depends on what is in the shop and fitting it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Addressing technical problems with products by consulting with engineers
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles technical problems and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Address technical problems with products by consulting with engineers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 26 out of 100 (19–33 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Working a technical problem through with engineers is a back-and-forth conversation software can inform but not replace.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Designing experimental parts to meet special engineering needs
staying human
The ratings behind this row put experimental parts well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Design experimental parts to meet special engineering needs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: Designing an experimental part for an unusual need is original engineering where software gives starting points, not answers.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Monitoring machine feed and speed during the machining process
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: machine, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Monitor machine feed and speed during the machining process.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Watching feeds and speeds during a cut means being at the machine, though the settings themselves come from published data.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Testing metal workpieces using measuring and testing devices
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: metal workpieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Test metal workpieces using measuring and testing devices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring a workpiece means putting a gauge on the metal, though comparing readings to tolerances is simple to automate.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Testing updated equipment to ensure conformity to specifications
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: updated equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Test updated equipment to ensure conformity to specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Test procedures are documented, but the equipment has to be connected up and tested in person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Being an implementer of best practice in safety management and promoting safety and safe working practices as an operational necessity
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: an implementer of best practice, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5222/02
Source: “Be an implementer of best practice in safety management and promote safety and safe working practices as an operational necessity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: AI can write the safety guidance, but getting workmates to actually follow it on the shop floor takes a person standing there.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Updating existing equipment to improve tool fitting efficiency
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5222/01
Source: “Update existing equipment to improve tool fitting efficiency.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Upgrading existing equipment means working on the machines, even though the improvement can be planned on paper.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Supporting metalworking projects from planning and fabrication through assembly
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: projects, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Support metalworking projects from planning and fabrication through assembly.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 11 out of 100 (4–18 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Supporting a job from planning through to assembly spans desk work and time at the bench with the parts.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting up, operate and adjusting conventional or CNC machining equipment settings and programmes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: up, operate and adjusting conventional or CNC, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/01
Source: “Set up, operate, and adjust conventional or CNC machining equipment settings and programmes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (6–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting up and adjusting machining equipment is physical work done at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inspecting and testing completed units to verify they meet specifications and customer requirements
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: completed units, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Inspect and test completed units to verify they meet specifications and customer requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Verifying a finished tool means physically measuring it, though software can compare the readings against the drawing and write up the result.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Checking that workpieces are properly lubricated and cooled during machine operation
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpieces are properly, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Check that workpieces are properly lubricated and cooled during machine operation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking coolant and lubrication means looking at the running machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing and configuring new tool fitting equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: new tool fitting equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Install and configure new tool fitting equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing new equipment is physical work, though the configuration side can be worked out in advance.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Testing experimental models under simulated conditions for development and designing feasibility
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: experimental models under simulated conditions, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Test experimental models under simulated conditions for development and design feasibility.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Trying a prototype tool out under working conditions needs the real thing on a real machine, whatever modelling is done beforehand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Modifying designs using working models to conform with customer specifications
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: designs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Modify designs using working models to conform with customer specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 7 out of 100 (3–11 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Adjusting a working model to match what the customer wants is done with hands on the model.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Measuring workpieces and laying out work
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/02
Source: “Measure workpieces and lay out work, using precision measuring devices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 4 out of 100 (0–8 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Marking out means putting instruments and scribed lines on the actual metal, even though the measurements themselves come off a drawing.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Aligning and fitting system components for assembly
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: system components, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/01
Source: “Align and fit system components for assembly.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Aligning and fitting parts is manual assembly work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Cutting, drilling and shaping metal materials using manual and power tools during fabrication activities
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: metal materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/01
Source: “Cut, drill, and shape metal materials using manual and power tools during fabrication activities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting, drilling and shaping metal is hands-on tool work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Machining parts to specifications, using machine tools, such as lathes, milling machines, shapers or grinders
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/01
Source: “Machine parts to specifications, using machine tools, such as lathes, milling machines, shapers, or grinders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Machining parts to a drawing means operating the lathe or mill yourself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Operating lathes and milling machines for precision machining
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: lathes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/01
Source: “Operate lathes and milling machines for precision machining.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making a precision part means standing at the machine and cutting the metal, so software cannot turn out the finished component.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting up and operating lathes to make metallic and plastic workpieces
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: and operating lathes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/01
Source: “Set up and operate lathes to make metallic and plastic workpieces.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting up and running a lathe is done standing at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting up metalworking, brazing, heat-treating, welding or cutting equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: metalworking, brazing, heat-treating, welding or cutting equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/01
Source: “Set up metalworking, brazing, heat-treating, welding, or cutting equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting up welding, cutting or heat-treating equipment is hands-on work in the workshop.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assembling mechanical, electrical and electronic components into models or prototypes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: mechanical, electrical and electronic components, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Assemble mechanical, electrical, and electronic components into models or prototypes, using hand tools, power tools, and fabricating machines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Assembling components into a model with hand and power tools is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Countersinking and reaming prepared holes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: prepared holes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Countersink and ream prepared holes for bolts, screws, and other fasteners.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Countersinking and reaming holes is handwork with tools on the part.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Drilling holes in parts and assemblies for fasteners using power tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: holes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Drill holes in parts and assemblies for fasteners using power tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Drilling fastener holes is done with the tool in hand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Filing parts to finished dimensions
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “File parts to finished dimensions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Filing a part down to size is judged by hand and eye.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Forming metal parts
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: metal parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Form metal parts using snips, power brakes, shears, files, and mallets.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Forming metal with snips, brakes and mallets is physical shaping work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Joining parts using bolts, screws, welding or gluing
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Join parts using bolts, screws, welding, or gluing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Bolting, welding or gluing parts together is physical assembly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Laying out, measure and marking metal stock to display placement of cuts
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: out, measure and marking metal stock, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Lay out, measure, and mark metal stock to display placement of cuts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring and marking metal stock is bench work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Repairing or replacing faulty tool parts to ensure functionality
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: faulty tool parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Repair or replace faulty tool parts to ensure functionality.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Repairing or replacing tool parts is hands-on workshop work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Securing materials onto machines for processing
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Secure materials onto machines for processing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Clamping material onto a machine is physical work at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Servicing and maintaining tools and machinery to ensure functionality
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: tools, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Service and maintain tools and machinery to ensure functionality.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Servicing tools and machinery means hands on the equipment.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Setting up and operating pillar drills to fabricate prototypes or models
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: and operating pillar drills, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Set up and operate pillar drills to fabricate prototypes or models.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting up and running a pillar drill is hands-on machine work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting up and operating punch presses to fabricate prototypes or models
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: and operating punch presses, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/01
Source: “Set up and operate punch presses to fabricate prototypes or models.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting up and running a punch press happens at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Dismantling machines or equipment to examine parts for defects
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: machines, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Dismantle machines or equipment to examine parts for defects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Dismantling a machine to look for defects is done with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Installing new parts in equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: new parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Install new parts in equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting new parts into equipment is hands-on work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Locating and marking dimensions and reference lines on parts
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: dimensions, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Locate and mark dimensions and reference lines on parts using templates, scribes, compasses, and steel rules.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Marking reference lines onto parts is done with instruments on the part itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Locating, diagnosing and rectify faults on plant and equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: rectify faults, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Locate, diagnose, and rectify faults on plant and equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Putting a fault right means working on the equipment itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Lubricating machinery, equipment or tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: machinery, equipment or tools, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Lubricate machinery, equipment, or tools as required.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Lubricating machinery is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Operating or testing machinery or equipment to identify issues
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: machinery, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Operate or test machinery or equipment to identify issues.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Running machinery to find a fault means operating it yourself and noticing how it sounds and behaves.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Sanding parts to finished dimensions
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/01
Source: “Sand parts to finished dimensions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Sanding a part to its finished size is handwork.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Disposing of waste materials in accordance with regulatory requirements
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: waste materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5222/01
Source: “Dispose of waste materials in accordance with regulatory requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Moving and disposing of waste is physical work, whatever the rules require.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Implementing electrical equipment and components for industrial
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: electrical equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5222/01
Source: “Implement electrical equipment and components for industrial use.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Putting electrical equipment into industrial use is hands-on installation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing hydraulic equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: hydraulic equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5222/01
Source: “Install hydraulic equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting hydraulic equipment is physical installation work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Soldering electrical connections
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: electrical connections, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5222/01
Source: “Solder electrical connections.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Soldering connections is fine hands-on work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Sorting materials
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5222/01
Source: “Sort materials to be reused, recycled or disposed of.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Sorting materials for reuse or disposal is done by hand on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Constructing jigs for shaping parts of products
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: jigs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/02
Source: “Construct jigs for shaping parts of products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Building a jig is skilled handwork with the material in front of you.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Manufacturing precision tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: precision tools, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/02
Source: “Manufacture precision tools using lathes, presses, and cutting machines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making precision tools on lathes and presses is machining work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting up and operating metalworking machines
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: and operating metalworking machines, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5222/02
Source: “Set up and operate metalworking machines, such as milling or grinding machines, to shape or fabricate parts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting up and running milling or grinding machines needs someone standing at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Cleaning and finishing patterns or templates
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: patterns, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Clean and finish patterns or templates, using emery cloths, files, scrapers, and power grinders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cleaning and finishing patterns with files and grinders is manual work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Cutting along markings to fabricate pieces for casting metal moulds
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: along markings, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Cut along markings to fabricate pieces for casting metal moulds.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting to marked lines is bench work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Filing parts to ensure proper fit and clearance
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “File parts to ensure proper fit and clearance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Filing parts to fit is handwork judged by feel.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Grinding shim and adjusting different parts to properly fit them together
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: shim, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Grind, shim, and adjust different parts to properly fit them together.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Grinding, shimming and adjusting parts to fit is precise handwork at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Measuring parts for wear, using precision instruments
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Measure parts for wear, using precision instruments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring a part for wear means holding it and the gauge.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Performing routine maintenance on machinery
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: routine maintenance, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Perform routine maintenance on machinery, tools, and equipment to ensure their efficiency and meet production expectations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Routine maintenance of machinery and tools is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Performing test production runs and making adjustments as necessary to ensure that completed products meet standards and specifications
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: test production runs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Perform test production runs and make adjustments as necessary to ensure that completed products meet standards and specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Running test production and tweaking as you go is done at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting up and operating drill presses to drill and tap holes in parts for assembly
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: and operating drill presses, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Set up and operate drill presses to drill and tap holes in parts for assembly.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting up and drilling on a press needs an operator at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Shaping or cutting materials to specified measurements
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5222/02
Source: “Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting and shaping material to size is done with tools on the material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Lifting and positioning workpieces in relation to surface plates using parallel blocks and angle plates
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5222/02
Source: “Lift and position workpieces in relation to surface plates using parallel blocks and angle plates, manually or with hoists.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Lifting and positioning workpieces on a surface plate is heavy, careful physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.

What this job pays, and how many people do it

Median pay: £39,900a year, before tax, the middle of the range, so half earn more and half earn less.ashe-t14, 2025 · ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
How we know this
Source: ashe-t14
Reference period: ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)
Rounding: Shown to the nearest £100. The exact published figure is in the downloadable dataset. We do not render pounds the survey cannot support.
People doing this job: 8,600in the UK, 2026.nomis-aps · Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period)This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.

What is deliberately not here: a forecast of how many of these jobs exist in ten years. Where an official projection exists for a market we publish it with its vintage; where it does not, we leave the space empty rather than borrow the other country’s number.

Why this is shifting

The reason is boringly specific. Most of what is shifting here is reading one thing and writing another: product specifications, tool requirements and operational sequences in, a record out. The rows above are exactly that shape: determining product specifications and applying planning techniques to meet specific design. What it cannot do is be there in the room, and that is still where parts get done. Which is why this page talks about your tasks changing, not your job ending.

Your move

Over a pint: what I’d tell you if you were my friend

Start with what does not change: fitting and assembling parts to repair or modify dies is the middle of this job, and the evidence on this page says it stays with a person.

So, given all that: 6% of this job's task weight sits in rows the software is already learning, 15% in rows that change shape rather than disappear, and 78% in rows it is nowhere near. That is the position, measured across 87 scored tasks. It is not a forecast about you.

So the thing worth your attention is not the job going away. It is the layer around it. Determining product specifications, tool requirements and operational sequences by studying blueprints, work orders or machining instructions is the part turning into software, and being the person who understands that layer is worth money.

This week: one thing

Ask the one question. Find whoever is bringing new software into your workplace (the manager, the office, whoever runs the system) and ask them what it is meant to do to product specifications, tool requirements and operational sequences, and what it is not meant to touch. Ten minutes, this week, before anyone decides it for you.

What you end up holding: a straight answer about what is actually being rolled out, and when
How long it takes: ten minutes

If there’s nobody obvious to ask, or you’d rather not ask your manager: Put the same question to your union rep, your shift lead or the person who has been there longest, in person, over a break. Same ten minutes, same answer, and you will usually get a straighter one. Write down what they say. The note is the artifact, and it tells you whether parts are in scope or not. Nothing to log into, no licence needed.

Over the next 90 days

Get inside the tool rollout rather than waiting for it. Over the next ninety days, ask to be in the group that tests, checks or signs off whatever new system arrives near creating models using computer aided design. It is usually an unglamorous seat that nobody fights for, and it is the one that decides how the software is used on your job rather than to it.

Over the next 12 months

On this evidence I would not retrain out of this job, and I will say that plainly rather than hedge it. The task list here is dominated by work that stays with a person. What I would do with a year is get formally recognised for the layer around it (the systems, the compliance, the planning), so you are the one who understands the software instead of the one it is done to. Before you pay for anything, spend an hour with National Careers Service. It is free and government-funded, and it is listed below with the rest of the free routes.

The roads out of here, and why I am not sending you down them

I looked at the obvious moves out of this job, and here is what I found.

I checked the 12 nearest UK occupations to tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out (nearest by the work that AI is not taking, not by job title), and none of them survived. The closest was sheet metal workers: only about 11% of its durable work is work you already do and it pays 19.3% less. And on the numbers you do not need one. This job scores 18/100 here, with only 6% of the task list in the top band, and “align and fit system components for assembly” is not work that hands over cleanly. None of them beats deepening what you already have.

How that was checked: this job was compared against all 412 UK occupations in this release on their official task statements, and the 12 nearest were examined one by one. A move that turns on an industry, an employer or a qualification rather than on the work itself will not show up in a check like that. And this release carries no licence register, so anything you are weighing needs that looked up separately.

3 moves I checked and rejected

These are the obvious-looking jumps. They are here with their reasons rather than quietly dropped, because the ones that fail are worth knowing about. It is one less thing to turn over at night.

Sheet metal workers
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “cut, drill, and shape metal materials using manual and power tools during fabrication activities”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 11% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: You would be starting most of it from nothing: about 11% of the durable work in that job is work you do today, and the rest you would be learning while the bills carried on. It is a pay cut, in those words: £32,207 against your £39,902, 19.3% less (ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional (both)). Retraining to earn less is a decision, not advice.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Metal machining setters and setter-operators
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “set up, operate, and adjust conventional or CNC machining equipment settings and programmes”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 10% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: You would be starting most of it from nothing: about 10% of the durable work in that job is work you do today, and the rest you would be learning while the bills carried on. It is a pay cut, in those words: £35,718 against your £39,902, 10.5% less (ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional (both)). Retraining to earn less is a decision, not advice.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Assemblers (vehicles and metal goods)
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “cut, drill, and shape metal materials using manual and power tools during fabrication activities”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 8% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 8% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. It is a pay cut, in those words: £31,919 against your £39,902, 20.0% less (ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional (both)). Retraining to earn less is a decision, not advice.
Look at that job’s page anyway →

What I’d stop worrying about

A friend tells you what not to spend fear on. This is that list.

The headline number you read somewhere
The big “X% of jobs” figures are about the whole economy, not about you. The number that describes your job is on this page: 6% of its task weight, across 87 scored tasks. Every row behind it is printed above with the source. Check ours; ignore theirs.
The headlines about your trade disappearing
They are usually about the technology, not the timetable. Changes to work like fitting and assembling parts to repair or modify dies arrive through rules, insurance and money, slowly and visibly. This page tracks the task evidence and will move when it moves.
Retraining out of a job that is holding up
On this evidence I would not spend money leaving. Spend it on the layer around the job instead: the tools, the paperwork, the planning. That is where the change actually is.
The “obvious” next job everyone suggests
I checked the obvious moves and most of them did not survive. The reasons are printed with the routes above, including the pay and the gate. A move that fails on the numbers is worth knowing about so you can stop turning it over at night.

You are reading the United Kingdom figures

The United States splits this work across more than one official group, of which Locksmiths and Safe Repairers is the closest. The pay and employment figures are not directly comparable, and we do not average them together.

Switch to the United States page →partial match

The other groups this work is counted across:

In US official statistics this job is counted as Locksmiths and Safe Repairers, Model Makers, Metal and Plastic, Patternmakers, Metal and Plastic, Tool and Die Makers, Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic and Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers. Pay is shown separately for each of those groups (medians cannot be averaged together), while the task list and the scores on this page are for this group only.

Your route through this

Where to go next, and what it costs

Free, and complete

The moves above cost nothing. These are the real services that go with them: public, government-funded, and free at the point of use. Nothing on this page is behind an email address or a payment.

In England:
National Careers Service
A free hour with a government-funded careers adviser is worth more than another evening of reading. In England that's the National Careers Service.
Free, government-funded
- Discover your skills and careers (the skills assessment)
In England:
National Careers Service - Find a course
Search what's actually running near you before you spend anything.
Free to search; individual courses vary
In England:
Free courses for jobs (Level 3 qualifications)
A free Level 3 qualification you already qualify for beats a paid course you don't need.
Free for eligible adults
In England:
Skills Bootcamps
Free, up to 16 weeks, and you get a job interview at the end. In England these are Skills Bootcamps - search what's running near you.
Free for eligible adults in England
- Skills Bootcamps - what they are and who can do them (DfE, Skills for Careers)
- Skills Bootcamps - JobHelp (DWP)
In Scotland:
My World of Work (Skills Development Scotland)
In Scotland it's My World of Work, from Skills Development Scotland.
Free, publicly funded
- Skills Development Scotland
In Wales:
Careers Wales
In Wales it's Careers Wales.
Free, Welsh Government-funded
In Northern Ireland:
Careers Service Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland it's the Careers Service on nidirect.
Free, Department for the Economy-funded

No Space for this job, but one for what is happening to it

Nothing Collab365 runs is built for tool makers / tool fitters / markers-out, and we are not going to point you at the nearest one and call it a fit.

There is one that is not about a job title at all. The AI Authority is about being the person who directs these tools at work rather than the person they get compared to. That is worth saying here, because 6% of the work on this page is already inside what they can do.

Try The AI Authority free →

7 days free, no card needed. Explore up to 2 Spaces before you choose a plan: you pick a plan later, not now.

The AI Authority is a general community about working with AI, not a course for tool makers / tool fitters / markers-out. You do not need it to act on anything here: the moves above cost nothing and stand on their own. The data on this page is the same either way.

Noted, and thank you. We’ll email you if a Space for tool makers / tool fitters / markers-out launches. Nothing else.

That did not look like an email address, so nothing was saved. Have another go below.

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No Space for tool makers / tool fitters / markers-out yet. Should there be one?

Collab365 Spaces is built by the same people as this site. We find the problems that AI and automation are creating inside one kind of work, then solve them as short courses, briefings and Blueprints. Each Space is the community too, so the research and the people doing your job are in the same place.

What a Space actually is, in full

Collab365 launches new communities where the need is real. If one for tool makers / tool fitters / markers-out existed, with researched problems, courses and people in the same boat, would you want in?

Your email

We use your email address for one thing: to tell you if a Space for tool makers / tool fitters / markers-out launches. We never sell it, never use it for unrelated marketing, and every email has a one-click unsubscribe. Our privacy policy has the full version.

This unlocks nothing. Every figure, every row and every step on this page is already yours, whether you fill this in or not.

No deadline on any of this. The page will still be here, and the data is refreshed on a published schedule rather than when someone wants a headline.

Questions people ask about this job

Will AI replace Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out?: Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 87 official task statements scored for Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out (United Kingdom, SOC 5222), 6% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 18 out of 100 (range 15–23, band: minimal). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.
Which tasks in “Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out” can AI already do?: The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Report project progress and technical updates to directors and clients using APQP reporting” (79/100, high); “Determine product specifications, tool requirements, and operational sequences by studying blueprints, work orders, or machining instructions” (75/100, high); “Apply planning techniques to meet specific design, technical, and budgetary requirements” (75/100, high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.
Which tasks in “Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out” stay human?: About 78% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Lift and position workpieces in relation to surface plates using parallel blocks and angle plates, manually or with hoists” (0/100, minimal); “Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws” (0/100, minimal); “Set up and operate drill presses to drill and tap holes in parts for assembly” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.
What should someone working in “Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out” do about AI?: Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 6% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 78% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.
How is the AI exposure score for Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out calculated?: Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 87 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

Where these numbers come from

About the data on this page

Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.
The match between this job and its counterpart in the other country is partial, so the two pages count slightly different groups of people.
53 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Task statements: gaisi-indexProcessing: catalogue-bridge → ssc-relatedness-weighting → task-scoring → score-aggregation
Task weights: gaisi-index (relatedness)
Scores: Rubric task_scoring_v1.0, model claude-opus-5, computed 2026-08-05.
Pay and employment: ashe-t14 (ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025))nomis-aps (Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period))

Figures on this page come from release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Every release keeps its own permanent address, so a figure you cite in March is still there, unchanged, in November.

The plain-English wording on this page is assembled directly from the task statements and the published ratings, not written by hand for this occupation. That is why it is specific, and it is also why we say so.

The routes and free resources further up are today’s, not the release’s (last reviewed 2026-08-05). A route is an offer, not a historical fact, so it moves on its own clock.

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Everything on this site is published under CC BY 4.0. Quote it, chart it, sell something built on it. Just say where it came from, and cite the dated release rather than the site, so the figure you quote stays checkable.

Plain text

Collab365 (2026). Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1 (methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0). https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Built with O*NET data (USDOL/ETA, CC BY 4.0); ONS data (Open Government Licence v3.0); GAISI task framework (arXiv:2507.22748, MIT); BLS data (public domain).

BibTeX

@misc{collab365futureproof2026q41,
  title        = {Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1},
  author       = {{Collab365}},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1},
  note         = {Release 2026-q4.1, methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0, CC BY 4.0}
}

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https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1

Data as of release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Releases never change after publication; when the figures move, a new dated release is published beside this one and this one stays exactly where it is.