What should someone working in “Air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers” do about AI?

Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 8% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 84% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.

UK dataswitch to US

Air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers

installing air-conditioning and refrigeration components, installing new appliances in commercial premises or customers' homes and adjusting machine components to control amounts. If that's your week, this page is about your job.

The honest answer

AI changes the edges of this job, not the middle: installing air-conditioning and refrigeration components is work software can't reach.

Your move: what you can actually do about this ↓

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 8%
changing shape: 8%
staying human: 84%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

Whole-job exposure score 15 out of 100 (12–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, across 47 scored tasks. The number is the support for the sentence above it, not a headline about anyone’s future.

How we know this

What is measured: Every published task statement for air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers is rated on five dimensions: can a model produce the output, does the work need a body in a room, does it need a legally accountable person, does it depend on a person being trusted in the moment, and how much data exists. A published formula turns those five ratings into the score; the model never writes the number.

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

What shifts is logging maintenance and repairing work performed on equipment: the paper around the work, not the work.

Your week, as this page understands it

Air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers install, service and repair air-conditioning and refrigeration systems in factories, offices, shops and homes. The job title says “air-conditioning”, “refrigeration installers” or “repairers”: officially one job, several names. The real job is the part underneath: installing air-conditioning and refrigeration components. That is the thing someone has to be right about.

The exposed part of this job is specific, and we won’t pretend it is coming back. But air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers is not one task. It is 47 scored ones, and they are nowhere near equally exposed. The most durable of them, on this evidence, is installing air-conditioning and refrigeration components, and the ledger below shows exactly why.

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 8%
changing shape: 8%
staying human: 84%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

How we know this

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

Your job, task by task

These are the official task statements for this occupation, in plain English, sorted by what the evidence says is happening to each one. The official wording sits under every line so you can check the rewrite against it.

17 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Shifting to AI

4 tasks

Tasks today’s tools can already do most of. This is the part we will not soften: where these rows are the bulk of your week, the week changes.

Consulting manuals, schematics and wiring diagrams to troubleshoot equipment problems
This is reading one thing and writing another: manuals, schematics and wiring diagrams in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 5225/00
Source: “Consult manuals, schematics, and wiring diagrams to troubleshoot equipment problems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Looking up manuals, schematics and wiring diagrams is exactly what search and reading software does best.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Logging maintenance and repairing work performed on equipment
This is reading one thing and writing another: maintenance in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5225/00
Source: “Log maintenance and repair work performed on equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Logging what maintenance was done is plain record-keeping.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Planning and organising work to meet customers' requirements and priorities
This is reading one thing and writing another: work in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5225/00
Source: “Plan and organise work to meet customers' requirements and priorities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (60–68 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Planning shifts and work around customer demand is scheduling that software does quickly and well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Maintaining stock of spare parts
This is reading one thing and writing another: stock of spare parts in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 5225/00
Source: “Maintain stock of spare parts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 69 out of 100 (65–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Stock control and reordering is automated record-keeping, though the shelves have to be checked.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Changing shape

4 tasks

Tasks where the machine takes the producing and a person keeps the checking, the deciding, or the answering-for-it. For most jobs this is the biggest group, and it is where "transformation, not termination" is literally visible.

Talking to customers or referring to work orders to establish the nature of appliance malfunctions
The software now makes the first pass at customers, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 5225/00
Source: “Talk to customers or refer to work orders to establish the nature of appliance malfunctions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 48 out of 100 (41–55 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Working out the likely fault from a customer’s description or a work order is well-documented question-and-answer work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing the arrangement of pipework
The software now makes the first pass at the arrangement of pipework, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5225/00
Source: “Design the arrangement of pipework, ducts, and control panels for building systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Software can lay out ducts and panels from a building plan, though an engineer checks it fits the real building.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Instructing customers on the operation of appliances
The software now makes the first pass at customers, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 65 · 5225/00
Source: “Instruct customers on the operation of appliances.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 53 out of 100 (46–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Appliance operating instructions are published and easy to explain, so guides and videos can cover much of this.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 4/4.

Staying human

39 tasks

Tasks that stay with a person, because they happen in the physical world, because the rules need someone accountable, or because the value is that a specific person does them.

Installing air-conditioning and refrigeration components
This work happens in the physical world: refrigeration components, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 95 · 5225/00
Source: “Install air-conditioning and refrigeration components.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting cooling components is hands-on work with tools at the unit.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Diagnosing and rectifying faults in electrical and electronic control systems of vapour compression systems
This work happens in the physical world: faults, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5225/00
Source: “Diagnose and rectify faults in electrical and electronic control systems of vapour compression systems, following safe isolation procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (2–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Software can narrow down a control fault from readings, but isolating safely and putting it right is done at the panel.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Carrying out scheduled maintenance checks on HVAC systems to ensure optimal performance
This work happens in the physical world: scheduled maintenance checks, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5225/00
Source: “Carry out scheduled maintenance checks on HVAC systems to ensure optimal performance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: A maintenance check means opening the unit and testing it in place.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Show the other 37 tasks

Recommending whether appliance repair or replacement is a better choice
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at whether appliance repair, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 5225/00
Source: “Recommend whether appliance repair or replacement is a better choice.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 48 out of 100 (41–55 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Comparing repair cost against replacement is a straightforward calculation from parts prices and appliance age.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Advising clients on improving energy efficiency
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles clients and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 5225/00
Source: “Advise clients on improving energy efficiency.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 39 out of 100 (32–46 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Efficiency measures and their savings are well documented, so software gives good tailored advice, though clients weigh it on trust in the engineer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Diagnosing faults in HVAC systems to ensure climate control
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: faults, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5225/00
Source: “Diagnose faults in HVAC systems to ensure climate control.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 33 out of 100 (26–40 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fault codes and system data point to the cause quickly, but confirming it usually means opening the unit.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reporting malfunctioning equipment to supervisors to arrange repairs
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5225/00
Source: “Report malfunctioning equipment to supervisors to arrange repairs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 32 out of 100 (25–39 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Reporting a fault is quick paperwork, but spotting it means being in the kitchen.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Overseeing and maintaining refrigerated transport systems to ensure temperature control
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: refrigerated transport systems, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5225/00
Source: “Oversee and maintain refrigerated transport systems to ensure temperature control.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 19 out of 100 (12–26 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Temperature data can be watched remotely, but keeping refrigerated transport running means working on the units.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Adjusting operating parameters of vapour compression systems to reduce carbon emissions
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parameters of vapour compression systems, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5225/00
Source: “Adjust operating parameters of vapour compression systems to reduce carbon emissions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (11–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Software is good at working out better settings, but changing them on a refrigerant system is reserved to a certificated engineer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting regular checks to ensure all safety systems are operational
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: regular checks, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Conduct regular checks to ensure all safety systems are operational.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 15 out of 100 (8–22 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Checks are made on the equipment itself, and the required leak checks on refrigerant systems must be done by a certificated engineer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Diagnosing problems in dismantled appliances to identify necessary repairs
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: problems, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Diagnose problems in dismantled appliances to identify necessary repairs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Manuals and fault databases narrow it down, but the parts are in front of the engineer for a reason.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Tracing electrical circuits following diagrams
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: electrical circuits following diagrams, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Trace electrical circuits following diagrams.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Diagrams can be read by software, but tracing the actual circuit means following the wires.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting tests with circuit testers and other equipment to locate shorts and earths
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: tests, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5225/00
Source: “Conduct tests with circuit testers and other equipment to locate shorts and earths.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Software can interpret the readings, but getting them means putting test leads on the actual circuit.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Observing and testing operation of appliances following installation
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: operation of appliances following installation, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5225/00
Source: “Observe and test operation of appliances following installation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Commissioning checks are made at the unit itself, and the leak testing that goes with them needs a certificated refrigerant engineer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Servicing or repairing machinery used in the fabrication of appliances
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: machinery, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5225/00
Source: “Service or repair machinery used in the fabrication of appliances.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Repairing factory machinery is hands-on work with tools, however good the diagnosis behind it might be.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing new appliances in commercial premises or customers' homes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: new appliances, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Install new appliances in commercial premises or customers' homes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 3 out of 100 (0–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Installing the unit is hands-on work in the building, and UK rules only let engineers holding a refrigerant handling certificate do it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Adjusting fridge doors using hand tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: fridge doors, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5225/00
Source: “Adjust fridge doors using hand tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Adjusting a fridge door with hand tools is physical work on the appliance.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Cleaning and lubricating equipment as part of machine maintenance
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5225/00
Source: “Clean and lubricate equipment as part of machine maintenance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cleaning and lubricating a machine is hands-on work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Measuring, cutting
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: thread pipe, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5225/00
Source: “Measure, cut, and thread pipe, and connect it to feeder lines and equipment or appliances, using rules and hand tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting and threading pipe to connect an appliance is tool work in the home.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Replacing worn and defective parts
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: worn, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5225/00
Source: “Replace worn and defective parts such as switches, bearings, transmissions, belts, gears, circuit boards, or defective wiring.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Swapping worn parts is hands-on work inside the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting appliance thermostats and checking to ensure that they are functioning properly
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: appliance thermostats, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5225/00
Source: “Set appliance thermostats, and check to ensure that they are functioning properly.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting and checking a thermostat is done at the appliance itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Adjusting machine components to control amounts
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: machine components, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Adjust machine components to control amounts, dimensions, and flow of materials or ingredients.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Adjusting machine components happens at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Cleaning and maintaining parts for installation and repairing tasks
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Clean and maintain parts for installation and repair tasks.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cleaning and preparing parts is manual work with the parts in hand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conserving recover and recycle refrigerants used in cooling systems
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: recover, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Conserve, recover, and recycle refrigerants used in cooling systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Recovering refrigerant requires certified equipment connected to the appliance in person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Making any initial installation adjustments
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: any initial installation adjustments, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Make any initial installation adjustments that are necessary.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Initial adjustments after fitting are made by hand on the spot.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Observing and listening to machinery operation to detect equipment malfunctions
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: machinery operation, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Observe and listen to machinery operation to detect equipment malfunctions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Hearing a machine running badly means being on the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Reassembling repaired equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: repaired equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Reassemble repaired equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Rebuilding repaired equipment is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Servicing compressed air and vacuum equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: compressed air, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5225/00
Source: “Service compressed air and vacuum equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Servicing compressed air kit is hands-on maintenance work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Cleaning lubricate and touch up minor defects on newly installed or repaired appliances
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: lubricate, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5225/00
Source: “Clean, lubricate, and touch up minor defects on newly installed or repaired appliances.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cleaning, greasing and touching up finish is hands-on finishing work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Connecting water lines to water pipes for ice makers and water dispensers using hand tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: water lines, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5225/00
Source: “Connect water lines to water pipes for ice makers and water dispensers using hand tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Joining water lines with hand tools is plumbing work at the appliance.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing equipment using the preferred compressed or vacuum air pipework system
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5225/00
Source: “Install equipment using the preferred compressed or vacuum air pipework system.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing pipework is physical fitting work on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Responding to emergency gas leaks to ensure safety and preventing damage
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: emergency gas leaks, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5225/00
Source: “Respond to emergency gas leaks to ensure safety and prevent damage.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: A gas leak needs someone there quickly to make it safe.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Completing electro-mechanical fault diagnosis and repairs to a compressed air or vacuum system
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: electro-mechanical fault diagnosis, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5225/00
Source: “Complete electro-mechanical fault diagnosis and repairs to a compressed air or vacuum system.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Diagnosing and repairing the system means having hands and instruments on it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Securing steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: steel supports, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5225/00
Source: “Secure steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fixing steel supports to joists is physical installation work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Surveying sites where cooling systems
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: sites, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5225/00
Source: “Survey sites where cooling systems are to be fitted.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–7 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: A site survey means standing in the building measuring and looking.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Assembling new or reconditioned appliances to meet quality standards
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: new or reconditioned appliances, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 5225/00
Source: “Assemble new or reconditioned appliances to meet quality standards.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Assembling an appliance is bench work with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Performing minor joinery work to ensure proper appliance installation
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: minor joinery work, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 5225/00
Source: “Perform minor joinery work to ensure proper appliance installation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting and fitting timber is carpentry done by hand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Retrofiting buildings to comply with environmental standards
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: buildings, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 5225/00
Source: “Retrofit buildings to comply with environmental standards.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Retrofitting a building is construction work carried out on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Taking measurements to determine appliance fit in installation locations
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: measurements, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 5225/00
Source: “Take measurements to determine appliance fit in installation locations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring a space for an appliance means being in the space with a tape.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Dismantling and reinstalling existing kitchen cabinets for air-conditioning access
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: kitchen cabinets, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5225/00
Source: “Dismantle and reinstall existing kitchen cabinets for air-conditioning access.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Taking kitchen units out and putting them back is manual work in the kitchen.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.

What this job pays, and how many people do it

Median pay: £41,200a year, before tax, the middle of the range, so half earn more and half earn less.ashe-t14, 2025 · ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
How we know this
Source: ashe-t14
Reference period: ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)
Rounding: Shown to the nearest £100. The exact published figure is in the downloadable dataset. We do not render pounds the survey cannot support.
People doing this job: 11,500in the UK, 2026.nomis-aps · Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period)This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.

What is deliberately not here: a forecast of how many of these jobs exist in ten years. Where an official projection exists for a market we publish it with its vintage; where it does not, we leave the space empty rather than borrow the other country’s number.

Why this is shifting

The reason is boringly specific. Most of what is shifting here is reading one thing and writing another: manuals, schematics and wiring diagrams in, a record out. The rows above are exactly that shape: logging maintenance and repairing work performed on equipment and consulting manuals, schematics and wiring diagrams to troubleshoot equipment problems. What it cannot do is be there in the room, and that is still where refrigeration components get done. Which is why this page talks about your tasks changing, not your job ending.

Your move

Over a pint: what I’d tell you if you were my friend

Start with what does not change: installing air-conditioning and refrigeration components is the middle of this job, and the evidence on this page says it stays with a person.

So, given all that: 8% of this job's task weight sits in rows the software is already learning, 8% in rows that change shape rather than disappear, and 84% in rows it is nowhere near. That is the position, measured across 47 scored tasks. It is not a forecast about you.

So the thing worth your attention is not the job going away. It is the layer around it. Logging maintenance and repairing work performed on equipment is the part turning into software, and being the person who understands that layer is worth money.

This week: one thing

Ask the one question. Find whoever is bringing new software into your workplace (the manager, the office, whoever runs the system) and ask them what it is meant to do to manuals, schematics and wiring diagrams, and what it is not meant to touch. Ten minutes, this week, before anyone decides it for you.

What you end up holding: a straight answer about what is actually being rolled out, and when
How long it takes: ten minutes

If there’s nobody obvious to ask, or you’d rather not ask your manager: Put the same question to your union rep, your shift lead or the person who has been there longest, in person, over a break. Same ten minutes, same answer, and you will usually get a straighter one. Write down what they say. The note is the artifact, and it tells you whether refrigeration components are in scope or not. Nothing to log into, no licence needed.

Over the next 90 days

Get inside the tool rollout rather than waiting for it. Over the next ninety days, ask to be in the group that tests, checks or signs off whatever new system arrives near talking to customers or referring to work orders to establish the nature of appliance malfunctions. It is usually an unglamorous seat that nobody fights for, and it is the one that decides how the software is used on your job rather than to it.

Over the next 12 months

On this evidence I would not retrain out of this job, and I will say that plainly rather than hedge it. The task list here is dominated by work that stays with a person. What I would do with a year is get formally recognised for the layer around it (the systems, the compliance, the planning), so you are the one who understands the software instead of the one it is done to. Before you pay for anything, spend an hour with National Careers Service. It is free and government-funded, and it is listed below with the rest of the free routes.

The roads out of here, and why I am not sending you down them

I looked at the obvious moves out of this job, and here is what I found.

I checked the 12 nearest UK occupations to air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers (nearest by the work that AI is not taking, not by job title), and none of them survived. The closest was electrical service and maintenance mechanics and repairers: only about 7% of its durable work is work you already do. And on the numbers you do not need one. This job scores 15/100 here, with only 8% of the task list in the top band, and “install air-conditioning and refrigeration components” is not work that hands over cleanly. None of them beats deepening what you already have.

How that was checked: this job was compared against all 412 UK occupations in this release on their official task statements, and the 12 nearest were examined one by one. A move that turns on an industry, an employer or a qualification rather than on the work itself will not show up in a check like that. And this release carries no licence register, so anything you are weighing needs that looked up separately.

3 moves I checked and rejected

These are the obvious-looking jumps. They are here with their reasons rather than quietly dropped, because the ones that fail are worth knowing about. It is one less thing to turn over at night.

Electrical service and maintenance mechanics and repairers
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour on the work AI is not taking: you already log maintenance and repair work performed on equipment, and their equivalent is to perform routine repair and maintenance duties for facilities and equipment. Across both published task lists that is about 6% of the durable work in that job.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 6% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Energy plant operatives
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “adjust machine components to control amounts, dimensions, and flow of materials or ingredients”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 6% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 6% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. This release publishes no median pay for that job, so I cannot show you what the move costs or pays. I do not recommend a move I cannot price.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Plumbers and heating and ventilating installers and repairers
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “advise clients on improving energy efficiency”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 5% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 5% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →

What I’d stop worrying about

A friend tells you what not to spend fear on. This is that list.

The headline number you read somewhere
The big “X% of jobs” figures are about the whole economy, not about you. The number that describes your job is on this page: 8% of its task weight, across 47 scored tasks. Every row behind it is printed above with the source. Check ours; ignore theirs.
The headlines about your trade disappearing
They are usually about the technology, not the timetable. Changes to work like installing air-conditioning and refrigeration components arrive through rules, insurance and money, slowly and visibly. This page tracks the task evidence and will move when it moves.
Retraining out of a job that is holding up
On this evidence I would not spend money leaving. Spend it on the layer around the job instead: the tools, the paperwork, the planning. That is where the change actually is.
The “obvious” next job everyone suggests
I checked the obvious moves and most of them did not survive. The reasons are printed with the routes above, including the pay and the gate. A move that fails on the numbers is worth knowing about so you can stop turning it over at night.

You are reading the United Kingdom figures

The United States splits this work across more than one official group, of which First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers is the closest. The pay and employment figures are not directly comparable, and we do not average them together.

Switch to the United States page →partial match

The other groups this work is counted across:

In US official statistics this job is counted as First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers, and Repairers, Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers and Home Appliance Repairers. Pay is shown separately for each of those groups (medians cannot be averaged together), while the task list and the scores on this page are for this group only.

Your route through this

Where to go next, and what it costs

Free, and complete

The moves above cost nothing. These are the real services that go with them: public, government-funded, and free at the point of use. Nothing on this page is behind an email address or a payment.

In England:
National Careers Service
A free hour with a government-funded careers adviser is worth more than another evening of reading. In England that's the National Careers Service.
Free, government-funded
- Discover your skills and careers (the skills assessment)
In England:
National Careers Service - Find a course
Search what's actually running near you before you spend anything.
Free to search; individual courses vary
In England:
Free courses for jobs (Level 3 qualifications)
A free Level 3 qualification you already qualify for beats a paid course you don't need.
Free for eligible adults
In England:
Skills Bootcamps
Free, up to 16 weeks, and you get a job interview at the end. In England these are Skills Bootcamps - search what's running near you.
Free for eligible adults in England
- Skills Bootcamps - what they are and who can do them (DfE, Skills for Careers)
- Skills Bootcamps - JobHelp (DWP)
In Scotland:
My World of Work (Skills Development Scotland)
In Scotland it's My World of Work, from Skills Development Scotland.
Free, publicly funded
- Skills Development Scotland
In Wales:
Careers Wales
In Wales it's Careers Wales.
Free, Welsh Government-funded
In Northern Ireland:
Careers Service Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland it's the Careers Service on nidirect.
Free, Department for the Economy-funded

No Space for this job, but one for what is happening to it

Nothing Collab365 runs is built for air-conditioning / refrigeration installers / repairers, and we are not going to point you at the nearest one and call it a fit.

There is one that is not about a job title at all. The AI Authority is about being the person who directs these tools at work rather than the person they get compared to. That is worth saying here, because 8% of the work on this page is already inside what they can do.

Try The AI Authority free →

7 days free, no card needed. Explore up to 2 Spaces before you choose a plan: you pick a plan later, not now.

The AI Authority is a general community about working with AI, not a course for air-conditioning / refrigeration installers / repairers. You do not need it to act on anything here: the moves above cost nothing and stand on their own. The data on this page is the same either way.

Noted, and thank you. We’ll email you if a Space for air-conditioning / refrigeration installers / repairers launches. Nothing else.

That did not look like an email address, so nothing was saved. Have another go below.

We could not save that. The fault is ours, not yours, and your address was not stored. Please try again later.

No Space for air-conditioning / refrigeration installers / repairers yet. Should there be one?

Collab365 Spaces is built by the same people as this site. We find the problems that AI and automation are creating inside one kind of work, then solve them as short courses, briefings and Blueprints. Each Space is the community too, so the research and the people doing your job are in the same place.

What a Space actually is, in full

Collab365 launches new communities where the need is real. If one for air-conditioning / refrigeration installers / repairers existed, with researched problems, courses and people in the same boat, would you want in?

Your email

We use your email address for one thing: to tell you if a Space for air-conditioning / refrigeration installers / repairers launches. We never sell it, never use it for unrelated marketing, and every email has a one-click unsubscribe. Our privacy policy has the full version.

This unlocks nothing. Every figure, every row and every step on this page is already yours, whether you fill this in or not.

No deadline on any of this. The page will still be here, and the data is refreshed on a published schedule rather than when someone wants a headline.

Questions people ask about this job

Will AI replace Air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers?: Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 47 official task statements scored for Air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers (United Kingdom, SOC 5225), 8% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 15 out of 100 (range 12–20, band: minimal). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.
Which tasks in “Air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers” can AI already do?: The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Log maintenance and repair work performed on equipment” (93/100, very high); “Consult manuals, schematics, and wiring diagrams to troubleshoot equipment problems” (75/100, high); “Maintain stock of spare parts” (69/100, high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.
Which tasks in “Air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers” stay human?: About 84% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Dismantle and reinstall existing kitchen cabinets for air-conditioning access” (0/100, minimal); “Take measurements to determine appliance fit in installation locations” (0/100, minimal); “Retrofit buildings to comply with environmental standards” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.
What should someone working in “Air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers” do about AI?: Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 8% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 84% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.
How is the AI exposure score for Air-conditioning and refrigeration installers and repairers calculated?: Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 47 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

Where these numbers come from

About the data on this page

Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.
The match between this job and its counterpart in the other country is partial, so the two pages count slightly different groups of people.
17 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Task statements: gaisi-indexProcessing: catalogue-bridge → ssc-relatedness-weighting → task-scoring → score-aggregation
Task weights: gaisi-index (relatedness)
Scores: Rubric task_scoring_v1.0, model claude-opus-5, computed 2026-08-05.
Pay and employment: ashe-t14 (ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025))nomis-aps (Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period))

Figures on this page come from release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Every release keeps its own permanent address, so a figure you cite in March is still there, unchanged, in November.

The plain-English wording on this page is assembled directly from the task statements and the published ratings, not written by hand for this occupation. That is why it is specific, and it is also why we say so.

The routes and free resources further up are today’s, not the release’s (last reviewed 2026-08-05). A route is an offer, not a historical fact, so it moves on its own clock.

How we score a job Download this release Look up another job

Using these figures?

Cite this

Everything on this site is published under CC BY 4.0. Quote it, chart it, sell something built on it. Just say where it came from, and cite the dated release rather than the site, so the figure you quote stays checkable.

Plain text

Collab365 (2026). Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1 (methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0). https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Built with O*NET data (USDOL/ETA, CC BY 4.0); ONS data (Open Government Licence v3.0); GAISI task framework (arXiv:2507.22748, MIT); BLS data (public domain).

BibTeX

@misc{collab365futureproof2026q41,
  title        = {Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1},
  author       = {{Collab365}},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1},
  note         = {Release 2026-q4.1, methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0, CC BY 4.0}
}

Permalink

https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1

Data as of release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Releases never change after publication; when the figures move, a new dated release is published beside this one and this one stays exactly where it is.