Will AI replace Biochemists and biomedical scientists?

Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 174 official task statements scored for Biochemists and biomedical scientists (United Kingdom, SOC 2113), 23% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 35 out of 100 (range 29–40, band: low). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.

Which tasks in “Biochemists and biomedical scientists” can AI already do?

The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Analyse and evaluate data by performing complex calculations using computers” (93/100, very high); “Maintain databases of biological data for research and analysis purposes” (93/100, very high); “Ensure turnaround times for reporting results are met” (93/100, very high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.

Which tasks in “Biochemists and biomedical scientists” stay human?

About 61% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Collect eggs and sperm (gametes) from patients for processing” (0/100, minimal); “Maintain therapeutic and diagnostic equipment used in patients' homes” (0/100, minimal); “Calibrate therapeutic and diagnostic equipment for home use” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.

What should someone working in “Biochemists and biomedical scientists” do about AI?

Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 23% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 61% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.

How is the AI exposure score for Biochemists and biomedical scientists calculated?

Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 174 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

UK dataswitch to US

Biochemists and biomedical scientists

diagnosing genetic diseases using advanced laboratory techniques, writing grant proposals to obtain funding for research and designing molecular or cellular laboratory experiments. If that's your week, this page is about your job.

The honest answer

AI is already taking a real slice of the routine work here: writing scientific articles to disseminate research findings. That is a slice of tasks, not of you.

Your move: what you can actually do about this ↓

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 23%
changing shape: 16%
staying human: 61%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

Whole-job exposure score 35 out of 100 (29–40 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, across 174 scored tasks. The number is the support for the sentence above it, not a headline about anyone’s future.

How we know this

What is measured: Every published task statement for biochemists and biomedical scientists is rated on five dimensions: can a model produce the output, does the work need a body in a room, does it need a legally accountable person, does it depend on a person being trusted in the moment, and how much data exists. A published formula turns those five ratings into the score; the model never writes the number.

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

That slice is not coming back; the core of the job, developing or testing new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution, stays yours. The tools change hands, the accountability doesn't.

Your week, as this page understands it

Biochemists and biomedical scientists examine and investigate the chemical processes of living organisms, including their inter-relationships, environments and diseases, and perform laboratory tests on tissue, blood and other samples to diagnose diseases, toxins or health conditions. The job title says “biochemists” or “biomedical scientists”: officially one job, two names. The real job is the part underneath: developing or testing new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution. That is the thing someone has to be right about.

The exposed part of this job is specific, and we won’t pretend it is coming back. But biochemists and biomedical scientists is not one task. It is 174 scored ones, and they are nowhere near equally exposed. The most durable of them, on this evidence, is developing or testing new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution, and the ledger below shows exactly why.

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 23%
changing shape: 16%
staying human: 61%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

How we know this

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

Your job, task by task

These are the official task statements for this occupation, in plain English, sorted by what the evidence says is happening to each one. The official wording sits under every line so you can check the rewrite against it.

One row is marked low confidence, so treat it as a ballpark rather than a fine measurement.
38 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Shifting to AI

43 tasks

Tasks today’s tools can already do most of. This is the part we will not soften: where these rows are the bulk of your week, the week changes.

Analysing experimental data to interpret results
This is reading one thing and writing another: experimental data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2113/03, 2113/04
Source: “Analyse experimental data to interpret results.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Analysing experimental data and interpreting results is statistical work AI does to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Writing scientific articles to disseminate research findings
This is reading one thing and writing another: scientific articles in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Write scientific articles to disseminate research findings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (76–90 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Scientific writing follows well-established structures and AI produces solid drafts that authors then refine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Preparing reports detailing research or project outcomes
This is reading one thing and writing another: reports detailing research in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Prepare reports detailing research or project outcomes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing up research or project outcomes is structured drafting software does to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Collecting and analysing complex data to aid in the development of treatments
This is reading one thing and writing another: complex data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 90 · 2113/04
Source: “Collect and analyse complex data to aid in the development of treatments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Collecting and analysing complex datasets is exactly what statistical software and AI do well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Changing shape

27 tasks

Tasks where the machine takes the producing and a person keeps the checking, the deciding, or the answering-for-it. For most jobs this is the biggest group, and it is where "transformation, not termination" is literally visible.

Studying the effects of drugs on human health
The software now makes the first pass at the effects of drugs, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Study the effects of drugs on human health.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Studying drug effects is largely reading and analysing published and trial data, which AI does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Publishing scientific papers detailing research findings
The software now makes the first pass at scientific papers detailing research findings, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2113/01, 2113/02
Source: “Publish scientific papers detailing research findings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Software drafts strong text, but the findings, the argument and the named responsibility for a paper stay with the researcher.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Writing grant proposals to obtain funding for research
The software now makes the first pass at grant proposals, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Write grant proposals to obtain funding for research.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Grant writing follows well-known formats, so software gives a solid draft that the researcher must sharpen.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Staying human

104 tasks

Tasks that stay with a person, because they happen in the physical world, because the rules need someone accountable, or because the value is that a specific person does them.

Developing or testing new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution
This work happens in the physical world: new drugs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/01, 2113/03, 2113/04
Source: “Develop or test new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Drug testing is laboratory work under strict rules, even though AI helps with design and analysis.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Analysing tissue and fluid samples to diagnose health conditions
This work happens in the physical world: tissue, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/02, 2113/04
Source: “Analyse tissue and fluid samples to diagnose health conditions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Analysing samples means handling them in the lab, and results are authorised by a registered scientist.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Studying the chemistry of living processes
This work happens in the physical world: the chemistry of living processes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Study the chemistry of living processes, such as cell development, breathing, digestion, and living energy changes like growth, ageing, or death.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Much of the study is data and literature work, but the underlying experiments happen in a laboratory.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Show the other 164 tasks

Analysing and evaluating data by performing complex calculations using computers
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2113/01
Source: “Analyse and evaluate data by performing complex calculations using computers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Complex calculations on data are what computers do best.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Maintaining databases of biological data for research and analysis purposes
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: databases of biological data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/01
Source: “Maintain databases of biological data for research and analysis purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (86–100 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Maintaining a research database is routine, systematic work software handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Ensuring turnaround times for reporting results are met
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: turnaround times in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2113/02
Source: “Ensure turnaround times for reporting results are met.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Tracking turnaround times against targets is automatic monitoring in laboratory systems.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Planning educational lectures for specific subject areas
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: educational lectures in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2113/02
Source: “Plan educational lectures for specific subject areas.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (86–100 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Planning a lecture on a defined subject is preparation work AI produces to a high standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Applying bioinformatics algorithms in various projects
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: bioinformatics algorithms in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Apply bioinformatics algorithms in various projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (86–100 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Applying established bioinformatics algorithms to project data is documented computational work AI does reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Compiling data for gene expression profiling
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Compile data for gene expression profiling.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Compiling and formatting expression data is data handling software already automates.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing summary statistics of information regarding human genomes
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: summary statistics of information regarding human genomes in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Prepare summary statistics of information regarding human genomes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Producing summary statistics from genome data is calculation and reporting software does routinely.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Creating web-based bioinformatics tools
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: web-based bioinformatics tools in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 65 · 2113/02
Source: “Create web-based bioinformatics tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (86–100 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Building web tools is documented development work that AI now does reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Writing reports to summarise scientific findings
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2113/03
Source: “Write reports to summarise scientific findings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing up findings into a report is drafting work AI does very well from the underlying data.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing computational tools to enhance biofuels research and development
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: computational tools in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 65 · 2113/03
Source: “Develop computational tools to enhance biofuels research and development.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (86–100 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Building computational tools to a stated purpose is documented development work AI does reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Writing detailed reports on project progress for stakeholders
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: detailed reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2113/04
Source: “Write detailed reports on project progress for stakeholders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Progress reports are written from information already recorded, which software does quickly and well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Maintaining records of completed work to support scientific research
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: records of completed work in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 65 · 2113/04
Source: “Maintain records of completed work to support scientific research.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping records of completed work is routine documentation software does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reporting laboratory equipment faults to ensure accurate test results
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: laboratory equipment faults in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 50 · 2113/04
Source: “Report laboratory equipment faults to ensure accurate test results.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reporting a fault is a short structured record that systems already generate and route.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing computer applications for genetic data analysis by conferring with information technology specialists
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: computer applications in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/01
Source: “Develop computer applications for genetic data analysis by conferring with information technology specialists.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 85 out of 100 (78–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing analysis software to a stated specification is one of the things AI now does most reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Reading scientific literature to stay informed about technological advances and genetic research findings
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: scientific literature in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/01
Source: “Read scientific literature to stay informed about technological advances and genetic research findings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (76–90 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping up with published research is reading and summarising, which AI does very well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Searching scientific literature to select and modify methods and procedures most appropriate for genetic research goals
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: scientific literature in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/01
Source: “Search scientific literature to select and modify methods and procedures most appropriate for genetic research goals.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (76–90 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Searching the literature and picking suitable methods is exactly the kind of retrieval and comparison AI handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Accessing and analysing data from genomic
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2113/02
Source: “Access and analyse data from genomic, proteomic, or post-genomic databases for research purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (76–90 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Querying and analysing public biological databases is documented computational work AI does very well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Keeping up to date with diagnostic innovations
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: to date in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2113/02
Source: “Keep up to date with diagnostic innovations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (76–90 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping current with diagnostic innovations is reading and summarising published material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Reading scientific literature to stay informed about new biochemistries and instrumentation
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: scientific literature in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Read scientific literature to stay informed about new biochemistries and instrumentation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (76–90 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Staying current with new chemistry and instruments is reading and summarising published material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Updating paperwork with data and testing results
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: paperwork in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Update paperwork with data and test results.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Entering data and results into paperwork is structured record work software already handles.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Logging and interpreting the results of chemical experiments to support research findings
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: the results of chemical experiments in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Log and interpret the results of chemical experiments to support research findings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Logging results and drawing conclusions from them is data work AI does to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Creating computer models of genes using data and statistical analysis
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: computer models of genes in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Create computer models of genes using data and statistical analysis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Building computational models from genetic data is documented analytical work AI does to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Identifying and making recommended changes to operational processes
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: recommended changes in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Identify and make recommended changes to operational processes, systems and procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reviewing how a process works and suggesting improvements is analysis of information already recorded.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recording data accurately
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 65 · 2113/02
Source: “Record data accurately.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Entering data correctly from source documents is a routine screen task software does reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Analysing and interpreting scientific data to support research objectives
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: scientific data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2113/03
Source: “Analyse and interpret scientific data to support research objectives.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Analysing and interpreting scientific data is exactly the kind of structured reasoning software now does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Locating or selecting biodegradable, non-toxic or other environmentally friendly raw materials for manufacturing processes
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: biodegradable, non-toxic or other environmentally friendly raw materials in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 2113/03
Source: “Locate or select biodegradable, non-toxic, or other environmentally friendly raw materials for manufacturing processes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Searching for greener materials is research against published specifications, though samples still need testing.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Analysing and interpreting data, using specialist software programs
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2113/04
Source: “Analyse and interpret data, using specialist software programs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Working through data in specialist software is exactly the kind of analysis computers do quickly and consistently.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Monitoring medical supplies stock levels
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: medical supplies stock levels in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 2113/04
Source: “Monitor medical supplies stock levels.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Stock levels are numbers in a system, and software tracks and reorders them at least as well as a person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Recording experimental and researching data in laboratory logs
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: experimental in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2113/01
Source: “Record experimental and research data in laboratory logs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 69 out of 100 (65–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Recording experimental data in logs is structured entry that software already handles.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Logging clinical and scientific results and information
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: clinical in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/04
Source: “Log clinical and scientific results and information, ensuring accuracy and integrity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 69 out of 100 (65–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Logging results accurately is structured record work that laboratory systems already handle.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing sampling plans for the collection of tissue specimens
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: plans in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2113/01
Source: “Design sampling plans for the collection of tissue specimens.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Sampling plans follow documented statistical and regulatory rules, so a good draft can be generated.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Analysing data from tests to support medical research and diagnostics
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2113/02
Source: “Analyse data from tests to support medical research and diagnostics.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Analysing test data and drawing out findings is exactly what statistical software and AI do well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Coordinating laboratory workflows in clinical biochemistry
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: laboratory workflows in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2113/02
Source: “Coordinate laboratory workflows in clinical biochemistry, incorporating automation and computer-assisted processes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Laboratory workflow scheduling and automation is a planning problem software already handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Writing and reviewing reports on scientific research to ensure accuracy and validity
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2113/02
Source: “Write and review reports on scientific research to ensure accuracy and validity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Drafting and checking research reports is written work software does well, with the author confirming the science.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing quality control and assurance techniques for healthcare interventions
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: quality control in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2113/04
Source: “Design quality control and assurance techniques for healthcare interventions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Quality control schemes follow documented standards, so a strong draft can be generated.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Allocating tasks to meet work priorities
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: tasks in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Allocate tasks to meet work priorities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Allocating tasks against priorities is scheduling work software handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Providing statistical and computational tools for biologically based activities
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: statistical in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Provide statistical and computational tools for biologically based activities, such as genetic analysis, measurement of gene expression, or gene function determination.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Building statistical and computational tools for colleagues is well-documented development work AI supports strongly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recommending specific service improvements to clinical leads and managers based on patient feedback
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: specific service improvements in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Recommend specific service improvements to clinical leads and managers based on patient feedback.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning patient feedback into service recommendations is analysis and drafting AI does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Investigating the nature and composition of genes
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: the nature in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2113/01
Source: “Investigate the nature and composition of genes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 62 out of 100 (58–66 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Gene sequence analysis runs on well-documented computational tools and public databases.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Improving existing analytical techniques for more accurate or extensive predictions
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at analytical techniques, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 2113/01
Source: “Improve existing analytical techniques for more accurate or extensive predictions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Improving analytical techniques needs expert insight, though software contributes useful suggestions.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Managing their own professional development
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at their own professional development, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Manage their own professional development, keeping up to date with technical knowledge and skills, and recording these through CPD records.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: The record-keeping side is easy to automate, but the point of continuing development is the person's own learning.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing molecular or cellular laboratory experiments
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at molecular, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2113/03
Source: “Design molecular or cellular laboratory experiments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: AI drafts plausible experimental designs, but the decisive choices rest on the scientist's specialist judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing solvent recovery experiments for laboratory settings
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at solvent recovery experiments, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 55 · 2113/03
Source: “Design solvent recovery experiments for laboratory settings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: AI drafts sensible experimental designs, but the final choices rest on specialist chemical judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing chemical conversion processes
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at chemical conversion processes, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 50 · 2113/03
Source: “Design chemical conversion processes for fats, oils, and vegetable oil refining.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Process design draws on documented chemistry, though the final choices need specialist judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Studying the genetic transmission of specific traits in plants or animals across generations
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the genetic transmission of specific traits, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2113/01
Source: “Study the genetic transmission of specific traits in plants or animals across generations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Inheritance analysis follows well-documented statistical methods that software handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Studying genetic changes and defects and how these affect growth and development
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at genetic changes, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2113/02
Source: “Study genetic changes and defects and how these affect growth and development.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Studying genetic changes is largely analysis of documented data, which AI handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Monitoring and evaluating the outcome of treatments to ensure effectiveness
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the outcome of treatments, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2113/04
Source: “Monitor and evaluate the outcome of treatments to ensure effectiveness.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Comparing treatment outcomes against expectations is data analysis AI handles well, with professional sign-off.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Using investigative techniques to identify errors in healthcare systems
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at investigative techniques, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 55 · 2113/04
Source: “Use investigative techniques to identify errors in healthcare systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Finding where a process went wrong is pattern analysis across records that AI does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Collaborating in the development of new analytical software to meet user requirements
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the development of new analytical software, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 65 · 2113/02
Source: “Collaborate in the development of new analytical software to meet user requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 53 out of 100 (46–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: AI writes analytical software well, but agreeing what users actually need is a conversation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Producing quantitative data reports to inform medical staff about a patient's condition
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at quantitative data reports, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2113/04
Source: “Produce quantitative data reports to inform medical staff about a patient's condition.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 52 out of 100 (45–59 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Producing the numbers is routine reporting, but a registered scientist must stand behind data sent out about a patient.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Reviewing, approving or interpreting genetic laboratory results
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at genetic laboratory results, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2113/01
Source: “Review, approve, or interpret genetic laboratory results.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 47 out of 100 (40–54 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: AI reads genetic results well, but approving and issuing them is a registered scientist's responsibility.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Interpreting results of diagnostic or laboratory tests
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at results of diagnostic, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2113/02
Source: “Interpret results of diagnostic or laboratory tests.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 47 out of 100 (40–54 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Software reads test data well, but in a diagnostic laboratory only a registered scientist may interpret and release a patient result.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Providing test results to medical staff for diagnosis and treatment of illnesses
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at test results, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2113/02
Source: “Provide test results to medical staff for diagnosis and treatment of illnesses.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 47 out of 100 (40–54 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: The reporting itself is routine, but a registered biomedical scientist must authorise results before clinicians act on them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Studying physical principles of living cells or organisms and their electrical or mechanical energy
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at physical principles of living cells, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2113/01
Source: “Study physical principles of living cells or organisms and their electrical or mechanical energy, applying methods and knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, or biology.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Modelling and calculation are strong, but the measurements come from laboratory instruments.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Evaluating new testing and sampling methodologies or technologies to determine usefulness
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at new testing and sampling methodologies or technologies, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Evaluate new testing and sampling methodologies or technologies to determine usefulness.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Judging whether a new test method is useful usually means trying it out on the real process.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Keeping up to date with new advances in biotechnology to develop new techniques
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at to date, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2113/03
Source: “Keep up to date with new advances in biotechnology to develop new techniques, products or practices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping up with biotechnology is reading, but turning it into new techniques needs laboratory development.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Monitoring activities to ensure the accuracy of laboratory results
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at activities, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2113/03
Source: “Monitor activities to ensure the accuracy of laboratory results.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 42 out of 100 (35–49 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Quality monitoring runs on automated checks against control data, with a registered scientist accountable.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recording and analysing physiological data from equipment to assist in diagnosing or managing conditions
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at physiological data, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 90 · 2113/04
Source: “Record and analyse physiological data from equipment to assist in diagnosing or managing conditions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 42 out of 100 (35–49 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Recording and analysing physiological traces is well suited to software, with a professional confirming the reading.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Establishing a safe and sustainable working environment for clinical and scientific practice
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at a safe, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2113/04
Source: “Establish a safe and sustainable working environment for clinical and scientific practice.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 42 out of 100 (35–49 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Safety documentation is easy to produce, though making a laboratory genuinely safe means being in it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Advising undergraduate or postgraduate students academically to enhance their understanding of biochemical concepts
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at undergraduate, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 2113/01
Source: “Advise undergraduate or postgraduate students academically to enhance their understanding of biochemical concepts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 41 out of 100 (34–48 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Explanations are easy to produce, but academic advising works through an ongoing relationship with the student.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Collaborating with multi-disciplinary colleagues to design life-science experiments that will generate data suitable for subsequent bioinformatics analysis
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at multi-disciplinary colleagues, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2113/01
Source: “Collaborate with multi-disciplinary colleagues to design life-science experiments that will generate data suitable for subsequent bioinformatics analysis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Experimental design is documented, but agreeing it happens across a table with laboratory colleagues.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Identifying abnormal or unexpected results and reporting back and following up with requesting clinicians
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at abnormal, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 90 · 2113/02
Source: “Identify abnormal or unexpected results and report back and follow up with requesting clinicians.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Flagging odd results is routine for software, but a registered scientist must make the call and speak to the requesting clinician.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Discussing laboratory findings with laboratories or investigators
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at laboratory findings, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Discuss laboratory findings with laboratories or investigators.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Sorting out puzzling results is a back-and-forth conversation between people who know the samples and the methods.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Presenting research findings to relevant stakeholders to support project development
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles research findings and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 65 · 2113/01
Source: “Present research findings to relevant stakeholders to support project development.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 39 out of 100 (32–46 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: The slides can be prepared automatically, but presenting to stakeholders and answering them is live.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Instructing medical students, postgraduate students or others in methods or procedures for diagnosis and management of genetic disorders
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles medical students, postgraduate students and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 60 · 2113/01
Source: “Instruct medical students, postgraduate students, or others in methods or procedures for diagnosis and management of genetic disorders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 39 out of 100 (32–46 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Teaching materials are easy to produce, but instruction is delivered to students in person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Instructing others in the selection and use of bioinformatics tools
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles this work and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 65 · 2113/02
Source: “Instruct others in the selection and use of bioinformatics tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 39 out of 100 (32–46 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Training material is easy to produce, though teaching people to use tools well involves working alongside them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Determine the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Predicting protein structures from sequence is now something software does extremely well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Maintaining laboratory stocks of equipment and materials to ensure uninterrupted research and testing
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: laboratory stocks of equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 2113/02
Source: “Maintain laboratory stocks of equipment and materials to ensure uninterrupted research and testing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Stock systems reorder automatically, but keeping the laboratory supplied means handling materials.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing methods to estimate the efficiency of biomass pretreatments
staying human
The ratings behind this row put methods well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 60 · 2113/03
Source: “Develop methods to estimate the efficiency of biomass pretreatments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Efficiency estimation methods are largely calculation, though they are validated with laboratory work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing separation processes for biofuel recovery
staying human
The ratings behind this row put separation processes well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 55 · 2113/03
Source: “Develop separation processes for biofuel recovery.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Separation process design draws on documented engineering, but the decisive detail comes from trial work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Adapting new methodologies in clinical practice based on evidence to improve healthcare science
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for new methodologies, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2113/04
Source: “Adapt new methodologies in clinical practice based on evidence to improve healthcare science.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 32 out of 100 (25–39 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Evidence review is strong, but changing clinical practice is a professional judgement made locally.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing and leading research and development projects
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles research and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 80 · 2113/04
Source: “Design and lead research and development projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Proposals draft well, but leading a research project depends on the person steering the team.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Determining the effects of substances on body functions in biochemical studies
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the effects of substances, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/01
Source: “Determine the effects of substances on body functions in biochemical studies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Analysis and modelling are strong, though the biochemical studies themselves are done at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Examining the molecular or chemical aspects of immune system functioning
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the molecular, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/01
Source: “Examine the molecular or chemical aspects of immune system functioning.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Immunology data analysis is well suited to AI, though the experiments need laboratory hands.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Studying spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Study spatial configurations of submicroscopic molecules, such as proteins, using x-rays or electron microscopes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Structure software is powerful, but the imaging and crystallography work is done on instruments.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Researching the impact of genetic engineering on gene expression
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the impact of genetic, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/01
Source: “Research the impact of genetic engineering on gene expression.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Expression data analysis suits AI, though the genetic engineering work is done in the lab.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Studying the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer or other diseases
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the mutations, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Study the mutations in organisms that lead to cancer or other diseases.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Analyzing mutation data draws on huge public datasets, though the underlying laboratory work stays hands-on.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Researching and developing methods for producing biodiesel as an alternative energy source
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: methods, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2113/03
Source: “Research and develop methods for producing biodiesel as an alternative energy source.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Literature and modelling are strong, but developing production methods needs laboratory and pilot work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Using computer-interfaced equipment to perform work duties
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: computer-interfaced equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 55 · 2113/03
Source: “Use computer-interfaced equipment to perform work duties.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: The equipment is computer-driven, but someone has to load and operate it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Diagnose genetic diseases through biochemical analysis and research
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for genetic diseases, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 75 · 2113/01
Source: “Diagnose genetic diseases through biochemical analysis and research.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 27 out of 100 (20–34 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: AI interprets biochemical results well, but a diagnosis must be issued by a qualified professional.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Engaging in continuous professional development to maintain or improve knowledge and skills
staying human
The ratings behind this row put continuous professional development well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 75 · 2113/04
Source: “Engage in continuous professional development to maintain or improve knowledge and skills.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 26 out of 100 (19–33 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over.
The rating behind it: AI can find and summarise material, but the learning itself is something the teacher has to do.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Overseeing staffing as part of management tasks
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles part of management tasks and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 50 · 2113/04
Source: “Oversee staffing as part of management tasks.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 26 out of 100 (19–33 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Overseeing staffing is about directing colleagues and covering gaps as they arise.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing methods to process foods
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: methods, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Develop methods to process foods, medicines, or chemical compounds.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Method development mixes documented chemistry with trial work that has to be run physically.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting clinical or basic research to advance medical knowledge and treatment options
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: clinical, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/02
Source: “Conduct clinical or basic research to advance medical knowledge and treatment options.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: AI supports design and analysis strongly, but research still means running studies and experiments.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting research related to diagnostic tests
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: research, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/04
Source: “Conduct research related to diagnostic tests.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Design and analysis suit AI well, but diagnostic research still involves laboratory work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing laboratory equipment for specific research purposes
staying human
The ratings behind this row put laboratory equipment well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 65 · 2113/01
Source: “Design laboratory equipment for specific research purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: Designing bespoke laboratory equipment is specialist creative engineering with little written-down precedent.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Ensuring effective lab practices and adherence to Health & Safety procedures
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: effective lab practices, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/01, 2113/02
Source: “Ensure effective lab practices and adherence to Health & Safety procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 21 out of 100 (14–28 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Procedures and audits can be drafted, but keeping a lab safe means being in it and noticing what people actually do.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Managing and overseeing laboratory work
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: laboratory work, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Manage and oversee laboratory work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 21 out of 100 (14–28 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Scheduling and record work automates well, but running a laboratory means being in it with the team.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Supporting scientists and engineers in agriculture and environmental science with technical services
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: scientists, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 2113/03
Source: “Support scientists and engineers in agriculture and environmental science with technical services.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 21 out of 100 (14–28 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Some support is advice, but technical services for field scientists involve equipment and site work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Supervising and training others in own area of practice
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles this work and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 65 · 2113/04
Source: “Supervise and train others in own area of practice as appropriate.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 21 out of 100 (14–28 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Training material is easy to produce, but supervising colleagues depends on an established working relationship.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Presenting research findings at professional scientific conferences
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: research findings, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Present research findings at professional scientific conferences.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 20 out of 100 (13–27 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: The talk can be drafted, but presenting at a conference means being there and answering questions live.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Collecting and analysing pollution samples
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pollution samples, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/03
Source: “Collect and analyse pollution samples, such as air or groundwater.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 20 out of 100 (13–27 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Collecting air or water samples means going to the location, with only the analysis afterwards done at an instrument or desk.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Coordinating the field collection of samples
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the field collection of samples, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2113/01
Source: “Coordinate the field collection of samples such as tissue specimens.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 19 out of 100 (12–26 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Logistics can be planned automatically, but collecting specimens in the field needs people there.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Monitoring organ function through specific tests
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: organ function, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/02
Source: “Monitor organ function through specific tests.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (11–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Test results can be interpreted by software, but the monitoring involves patients and qualified staff.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Training medical staff on the proper use of specific medical products and equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: medical staff, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 2113/04
Source: “Train medical staff on the proper use of specific medical products and equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (11–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Course material automates well, but showing staff how to use equipment happens in person with the kit.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Directing IT staff applying bioinformatics applications in transcriptomics
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles IT staff applying bioinformatics applications and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Direct IT staff applying bioinformatics applications in transcriptomics.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 17 out of 100 (10–24 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Directing IT staff on a specialist project runs on personal judgement and working relationships.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Directing technicians applying bioinformatics tools in proteomics
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles technicians applying bioinformatics tools and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 65 · 2113/02
Source: “Direct technicians applying bioinformatics tools in proteomics.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 17 out of 100 (10–24 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Directing technicians on proteomics work depends on personal judgement and day-to-day relationships.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Guiding technical staff in biofuels research and development projects
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles technical staff and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2113/03
Source: “Guide technical staff in biofuels research and development projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 17 out of 100 (10–24 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Guiding a research team depends on personal judgement and working relationships.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Teaching undergraduate and postgraduate students
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: undergraduate, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/01
Source: “Teach undergraduate and postgraduate students.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Materials write easily, but students learn from someone who notices when they are stuck.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: new methods, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Develop new methods to study the mechanisms of biological processes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Genuinely new experimental methods come from expert insight and trial work, not from what is already written down.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing new biomedical investigation methods to advance medical research
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: new biomedical investigation methods, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Develop new biomedical investigation methods to advance medical research.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Genuinely new investigation methods come from expert insight and laboratory trial, not existing documentation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Scaling up experimental processes for large-scale industrial production
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: experimental processes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/03
Source: “Scale up experimental processes for large-scale industrial production.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Scaling a process to full production is engineering that plays out in the plant, not on paper.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Providing patients with information and instructions about their care
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for patients, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 70 · 2113/04
Source: “Provide patients with information and instructions about their care.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 15 out of 100 (8–22 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Written information is easy to produce, but patients take instructions best from a professional they are talking to.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Supervising students' research projects in chemistry to foster scientific inquiry
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles students' research projects and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 80 · 2113/01
Source: “Supervise students' research projects in chemistry to foster scientific inquiry.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Supervising a student project depends on a working relationship and regular personal guidance.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Directing biologists working on genetics research projects
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles biologists and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2113/01
Source: “Direct biologists working on genetics research projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Directing a research team runs on personal judgement and working relationships.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Supervising geneticists working on genetics research projects
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles geneticists and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2113/01
Source: “Supervise geneticists working on genetics research projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Directing geneticists depends on personal leadership and day-to-day judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Coordinating with clinical and healthcare staff to ensure effective patient care
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for clinical, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Coordinate with clinical and healthcare staff to ensure effective patient care.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Coordinating care runs on quick conversations between qualified staff who each carry responsibility for the patient.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Mentoring and supporting other support staff
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles other support staff and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Mentor and support other support staff.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Mentoring works because a real person notices how someone is coping and earns their confidence.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Collaborating with other scientists, sometimes, scientists from other disciplines
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles other scientists, sometimes, scientists and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 85 · 2113/03
Source: “Collaborate with other scientists, sometimes including scientists from other disciplines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Working with other scientists depends on relationships and trust built between people.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Examining animals or crop specimens to determine the presence of diseases or problems
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: animals, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 2113/03
Source: “Examine animals or crop specimens to determine the presence of diseases or problems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Image tools help identify disease, but the specimen has to be handled and examined.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Collaborating with industry, research institutes, hospitals and academia
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles industry, research institutes, hospitals and academia and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 85 · 2113/04
Source: “Collaborate with industry, research institutes, hospitals and academia.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Collaboration across organisations is built on personal relationships between researchers.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Supervising laboratory teams and controlling work quality
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: laboratory teams, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Supervise laboratory teams and control work quality.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 12 out of 100 (5–19 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Team supervision and quality oversight depend on being in the laboratory with the staff.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Monitoring symptoms or changes in patients' conditions
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: symptoms, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/04
Source: “Monitor symptoms or changes in patients' conditions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 11 out of 100 (0–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Tracking how a patient is doing depends on registered clinical staff observing them, with lab data only part of the picture.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Performing experiments using mass spectrometers
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: experiments, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/01
Source: “Perform experiments using mass spectrometers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Running a mass spectrometer means preparing samples and operating the instrument in the lab.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Ensuring cytogenetic and molecular genetic equipment is maintained for accurate experimental results
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: cytogenetic, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 2113/01
Source: “Ensure cytogenetic and molecular genetic equipment is maintained for accurate experimental results.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (6–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Keeping genetic analysis equipment working means servicing it in the laboratory.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Supervising trainee clinical scientists and healthcare team members
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for trainee clinical scientists, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2113/02, 2113/04
Source: “Supervise trainee clinical scientists and healthcare team members.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Supervising trainees depends on watching them work and building their confidence over time.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Applying specific scientific methodologies to conduct experiments and achieve targeted research outcomes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: specific scientific methodologies, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/03
Source: “Apply specific scientific methodologies to conduct experiments and achieve targeted research outcomes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (6–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Conducting experiments means doing the practical work in the laboratory.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Working in full compliance with health
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: full compliance, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 2113/03
Source: “Work in full compliance with health, safety, and environmental regulations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Working safely is about how a person behaves in the laboratory, not something software can do for them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Using specific procedures and methods for laboratory tasks
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: specific procedures, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/01
Source: “Use specific procedures and methods for laboratory tasks.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (2–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Following a laboratory method means physically doing it with the samples and instruments.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Applying clinical biochemistry skills to prevent disease and keep patients healthy
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: clinical biochemistry skills, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/02
Source: “Apply clinical biochemistry skills to prevent disease and keep patients healthy.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (2–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Applying clinical biochemistry to keep patients well involves patients and registered professionals.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting standardised biochemical tests to evaluate substances in products
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: standardised biochemical tests, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/03
Source: “Conduct standardised biochemical tests to evaluate substances in products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (5–13 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Standardised tests still have to be run on samples at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Diagnosing genetic diseases using advanced laboratory techniques
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: genetic diseases, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 95 · 2113/04
Source: “Diagnose genetic diseases using advanced laboratory techniques.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (2–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Diagnosis draws on lab techniques performed by hand, and results are issued by a qualified professional.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting chemical experiments to develop new compounds or products
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: chemical experiments, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Conduct chemical experiments to develop new compounds or products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Running chemical experiments means handling substances and equipment at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Isolating, analysing or synthesise vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals or enzymes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: synthesise vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals or enzymes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/01
Source: “Isolate, analyse, or synthesise vitamins, hormones, allergens, minerals, or enzymes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Isolating and synthesising these compounds is bench chemistry.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting laboratory-based medical tests to analyse biological samples
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: laboratory-based medical tests, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/01, 2113/04
Source: “Conduct laboratory-based medical tests to analyse biological samples.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Running laboratory tests on samples means handling them on instruments in the lab.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Studying cellular substance transformations using atomic isotopes to trace metabolic pathways
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: cellular substance transformations, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/01
Source: “Study cellular substance transformations using atomic isotopes to trace metabolic pathways.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Isotope tracing work is carried out on instruments in a laboratory.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Attending conferences, seminars and training sessions to stay informed about field developments
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: conferences, seminars and training sessions, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Attend conferences, seminars, and training sessions to stay informed about field developments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Attending conferences and training is about being there and meeting people in the field.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting laboratory experiments to develop new products and processes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: laboratory experiments, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/03
Source: “Conduct laboratory experiments to develop new products and processes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Laboratory experiments mean handling samples and equipment at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing carbohydrates arrays and methods for screening enzymes in biomass conversion
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: carbohydrates arrays, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2113/03
Source: “Develop carbohydrates arrays and methods for screening enzymes in biomass conversion.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making arrays and screening enzymes is bench chemistry.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting biofuels research projects on mixing and filtration
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: biofuels research projects, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 2113/03
Source: “Conduct biofuels research projects on mixing and filtration.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Mixing and filtration trials are run physically in the laboratory.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Determining the medical causes of illness or death in patients
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the medical causes of illness, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/04
Source: “Determine the medical causes of illness or death in patients.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Determining the medical cause of illness or death is legally the act of a qualified medical professional.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 4/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Ensuring the safe use of expensive and complex equipment and any related substances
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the safe use of expensive, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/04
Source: “Ensure the safe use of expensive and complex equipment and any related substances.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 7 out of 100 (0–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Keeping costly instruments and chemicals safe means handling them properly in the room where they sit.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting routine laboratory tests on fluid and tissue samples
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: routine laboratory tests, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/02
Source: “Conduct routine laboratory tests on fluid and tissue samples, including cervical smear tests, to detect abnormalities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (0–13 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Screening tests are bench work, and in the UK the result may only be reported by properly registered laboratory staff.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Performing urgent analytical testing
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: urgent analytical, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/02
Source: “Perform urgent analytical testing as required.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Urgent testing means someone in the laboratory running the samples now.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Testing for infectious diseases like rubella or hepatitis
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: infectious diseases like rubella, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/02
Source: “Test for infectious diseases like rubella or hepatitis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Infectious disease testing is laboratory bench work with results authorised by a registered scientist.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Crossmatching blood for transfusions
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: blood, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/02
Source: “Cross-match blood for transfusions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (0–13 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Cross-matching is bench work on real blood, and UK rules require trained, registered staff to be answerable for it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Processing and analysing biological samples to support clinical diagnostics
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: biological samples, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/02
Source: “Process and analyse biological samples to support clinical diagnostics.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Samples have to be physically processed before anyone can analyse them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Performing diagnostic tests to identify medical conditions
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: diagnostic tests, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/04
Source: “Perform diagnostic tests to identify medical conditions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Diagnostic tests are run on samples or patients in person, with results authorised professionally.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assessing different parts of the body to diagnose abnormalities
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: different parts of the body, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/04
Source: “Assess different parts of the body to diagnose abnormalities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 4 out of 100 (0–8 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Assessing parts of the body requires the patient present and a qualified professional.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Treating genetic diseases using biochemical methods
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: genetic diseases, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/01
Source: “Treat genetic diseases using biochemical methods.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 2 out of 100 (0–6 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Treating a genetic disease is a clinical act carried out on a patient by a qualified professional.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Performing diagnostic tests involving gel electrophoresis
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: diagnostic tests involving gel electrophoresis, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/01
Source: “Perform diagnostic tests involving gel electrophoresis, Southern blot analysis, and polymerase chain reaction analysis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Gels, blots and PCR are performed by hand at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pharmaceutical compounds, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/01
Source: “Prepare pharmaceutical compounds for commercial distribution.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Preparing pharmaceutical compounds is physical laboratory work under strict control.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Producing useful proteins for pharmaceutical or industrial use using recombinant DNA technology
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: useful proteins, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/01
Source: “Produce useful proteins for pharmaceutical or industrial use using recombinant DNA technology.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Producing proteins by recombinant methods is bench work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Extracting deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA) for diagnostic purposes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: deoxyribonucleic acid, dna), in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/01
Source: “Extract deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for diagnostic purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Extracting DNA is a hands-on bench procedure.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Detecting cancer using specialist cell culture procedures
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: cancer, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 2113/02
Source: “Detect cancer using specialist cell culture procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Cell culture work is done by hand at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing existing and new tests requiring significant manual expertise
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: new tests requiring significant manual expertise, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/02
Source: “Develop existing and new tests requiring significant manual expertise.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: The task says it needs significant manual expertise at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Processing blood or other fluid samples for further analysis by other medical professionals
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: blood, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2113/02
Source: “Process blood or other fluid samples for further analysis by other medical professionals.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Preparing blood and fluid samples is hands-on bench work producing physical tubes and slides.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing samples of genetic tissue in a laboratory
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: samples of genetic tissue, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Prepare samples of genetic tissue in a laboratory.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Preparing tissue samples is careful hands-on bench work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Processing patient samples promptly
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: patient samples, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/02
Source: “Process patient samples promptly.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Processing patient samples means physically handling them in the laboratory.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Maintaining and repairing laboratory equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: laboratory equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2113/02
Source: “Maintain and repair laboratory equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Repairing apparatus needs hands and tools on the equipment itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Cultivating isolate and identifying microorganisms from specimens
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: isolate, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/03
Source: “Cultivate, isolate, and identify microorganisms from specimens.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Culturing and identifying microorganisms is hands-on bench work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Cleaning polluted land or water using micro-organisms and plants
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: polluted land, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2113/03
Source: “Clean polluted land or water using micro-organisms and plants.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cleaning polluted land or water is physical work on the site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Assisting staff in conducting field research
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: staff, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2113/03
Source: “Assist staff in conducting field research.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Field research support means being out in the field.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting experiments on biomass or pretreatment technologies
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: experiments, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 2113/03
Source: “Conduct experiments on biomass or pretreatment technologies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Running experiments on biomass means handling materials and equipment at a bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Executing product recovery experiments in field settings
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: product recovery experiments, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 2113/03
Source: “Execute product recovery experiments in field settings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Field experiments mean working at the site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Operating standard laboratory equipment, pipetting machines and pH meters
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: standard laboratory equipment, pipetting machines and ph meters, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 2113/03
Source: “Operate standard laboratory equipment including pipetting machines and pH meters.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Operating pipettes and meters is hands-on bench work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Measuring chemicals or compounds in accordance with detailed instructions or formulas
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: chemicals, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 2113/03
Source: “Measure chemicals or compounds in accordance with detailed instructions or formulas.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Weighing out chemicals to a formula is hands-on work at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting up standard laboratory equipment and computers
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: standard laboratory equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 2113/03
Source: “Set up standard laboratory equipment and computers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting up laboratory equipment and computers is physical work in the lab.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Testing medicines on cells in laboratory settings
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: medicines, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2113/04
Source: “Test medicines on cells in laboratory settings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Testing medicines on cells is bench work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assisting and reassuring patients during medical tests and operations
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: patients during medical tests, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2113/04
Source: “Assist and reassure patients during medical tests and operations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Reassuring a patient during a procedure means being with them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Positioning patients and equipment correctly for monitoring
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: patients, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 2113/04
Source: “Position patients and equipment correctly for monitoring.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Positioning a patient and the equipment is hands-on work in the room.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Calibrating therapeutic and diagnostic equipment for home
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: therapeutic, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 2113/04
Source: “Calibrate therapeutic and diagnostic equipment for home use.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Calibrating equipment means working on the device itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Maintaining therapeutic and diagnostic equipment used in patients' homes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: therapeutic, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 55 · 2113/04
Source: “Maintain therapeutic and diagnostic equipment used in patients' homes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Servicing equipment in patients' homes means travelling there and working on it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Collecting eggs and sperm, gametes) from patients for processing
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: eggs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 2113/04
Source: “Collect eggs and sperm (gametes) from patients for processing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Collecting gametes is a clinical procedure carried out on the patient.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.

What this job pays, and how many people do it

Median pay: £47,900a year, before tax, the middle of the range, so half earn more and half earn less.ashe-t14, 2025 · ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
How we know this
Source: ashe-t14
Reference period: ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)
Rounding: Shown to the nearest £100. The exact published figure is in the downloadable dataset. We do not render pounds the survey cannot support.
People doing this job: 68,000in the UK, 2026.nomis-aps · Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period)This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.

What is deliberately not here: a forecast of how many of these jobs exist in ten years. Where an official projection exists for a market we publish it with its vintage; where it does not, we leave the space empty rather than borrow the other country’s number.

Why this is shifting

The reason is boringly specific. Most of what is shifting here is reading one thing and writing another: scientific articles in, a record out. The rows above are exactly that shape: writing scientific articles to disseminate research findings and analysing experimental data to interpret results. What it cannot do is be answerable: new drugs need a named person the rules will accept, and software cannot be that person. Which is why this page talks about your tasks changing, not your job ending.

Your move

Over a pint: what I’d tell you if you were my friend

Your week is splitting in two, and which half fills it is the whole question. Writing scientific articles to disseminate research findings is going; developing or testing new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution is not.

So, given all that: 23% of this job's task weight sits in rows the software is already learning, 16% in rows that change shape rather than disappear, and 61% in rows it is nowhere near. That is the position, measured across 174 scored tasks. It is not a forecast about you.

The occupation is an average and you are not, so the first job below is finding out where your own week actually sits.

This week: one thing

Print the task ledger above and put your own hours next to each row. Roughly, in pen, in one sitting. Then look at which group your hours actually pile up in. Twenty minutes, this week.

What you end up holding: your own week, on one page, sorted into what is shifting and what is not
How long it takes: about twenty minutes

If printing it isn’t practical: Read the rows off this page and write the same list on the back of an envelope. Same twenty minutes, same page, and it works just as well said out loud to someone who knows the job. The point is your hours next to the rows, not the paper it is on.

Over the next 90 days

Volunteer toward the durable end, visibly. Over the next ninety days put your hand up for the work in the bottom group (developing or testing new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution) and let people see you doing it. Not a new project: the same job, with your mix deliberately tilted. The point is that when the rota or the reorganisation comes, the version of you people picture is the one doing the part that stays.

Over the next 12 months

Claim a specialism at the durable end and let the other end go. Over a year, deliberately become the person who handles developing or testing new drugs or medications intended for commercial distribution, and deliberately stop being the first choice for the rows in the top group. That trade costs something, because the exposed work is often the comfortable work. Decide it on purpose rather than by drift. Before you pay for anything, spend an hour with National Careers Service. It is free and government-funded, and it is listed below with the rest of the free routes.

The roads out of here, and why I am not sending you down them

I looked at the obvious moves out of this job, and here is what I found.

I checked the 12 nearest UK occupations to biochemists and biomedical scientists (nearest by the work that AI is not taking, not by job title), and none of them survived. The closest was biological scientists: only about 4% of its durable work is work you already do. And on the numbers you do not need one. This job scores 35/100 here, with only 23% of the task list in the top band, and “conduct laboratory-based medical tests to analyse biological samples” is not work that hands over cleanly. None of them beats deepening what you already have.

How that was checked: this job was compared against all 412 UK occupations in this release on their official task statements, and the 12 nearest were examined one by one. A move that turns on an industry, an employer or a qualification rather than on the work itself will not show up in a check like that. And this release carries no licence register, so anything you are weighing needs that looked up separately.

3 moves I checked and rejected

These are the obvious-looking jumps. They are here with their reasons rather than quietly dropped, because the ones that fail are worth knowing about. It is one less thing to turn over at night.

Biological scientists
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “conduct routine laboratory tests on fluid and tissue samples”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 4% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 4% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Other researchers, unspecified discipline
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “collaborate with other scientists, sometimes”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 4% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 4% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Laboratory technicians
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour on the work AI is not taking: you already cross-match blood for transfusions, and their equivalent is to carry out blood tests for transfusion purposes. Across both published task lists that is about 3% of the durable work in that job.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 3% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. It is a pay cut, in those words: £28,210 against your £47,892, 41.1% less (ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional (both)). Retraining to earn less is a decision, not advice.
Look at that job’s page anyway →

What I’d stop worrying about

A friend tells you what not to spend fear on. This is that list.

The headline number you read somewhere
The big “X% of jobs” figures are about the whole economy, not about you. The number that describes your job is on this page: 23% of its task weight, across 174 scored tasks. Every row behind it is printed above with the source. Check ours; ignore theirs.
The whole-job doom story
Nothing on this page says this job ends. It says the mix inside it moves. Half the rows above are unchanged or changing shape, and the plan is about which half your week sits in. That is a very different problem, and a solvable one.
Panic-buying a course
Do the twenty-minute sorting exercise first. Most people who buy a course before they have done it buy the wrong one, and the free services listed below will tell you the same thing without charging for it.
The “obvious” next job everyone suggests
I checked the obvious moves and most of them did not survive. The reasons are printed with the routes above, including the pay and the gate. A move that fails on the numbers is worth knowing about so you can stop turning it over at night.

You are reading the United Kingdom figures

The United States splits this work across more than one official group, of which Architectural and Engineering Managers is the closest. The pay and employment figures are not directly comparable, and we do not average them together.

Switch to the United States page →partial match

The other groups this work is counted across:

In US official statistics this job is counted as Architectural and Engineering Managers, Animal Scientists, Food Scientists and Technologists, Soil and Plant Scientists, Biochemists and Biophysicists, Microbiologists, Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists, Biological Scientists, All Other, Epidemiologists, Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists and Life Scientists, All Other. Pay is shown separately for each of those groups (medians cannot be averaged together), while the task list and the scores on this page are for this group only.

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No Space for this job, but one for what is happening to it

Nothing Collab365 runs is built for biochemists / biomedical scientists, and we are not going to point you at the nearest one and call it a fit.

There is one that is not about a job title at all. The AI Authority is about being the person who directs these tools at work rather than the person they get compared to. That is worth saying here, because 23% of the work on this page is already inside what they can do.

Try The AI Authority free →

7 days free, no card needed. Explore up to 2 Spaces before you choose a plan: you pick a plan later, not now.

The AI Authority is a general community about working with AI, not a course for biochemists / biomedical scientists. You do not need it to act on anything here: the moves above cost nothing and stand on their own. The data on this page is the same either way.

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No Space for biochemists / biomedical scientists yet. Should there be one?

Collab365 Spaces is built by the same people as this site. We find the problems that AI and automation are creating inside one kind of work, then solve them as short courses, briefings and Blueprints. Each Space is the community too, so the research and the people doing your job are in the same place.

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Collab365 launches new communities where the need is real. If one for biochemists / biomedical scientists existed, with researched problems, courses and people in the same boat, would you want in?

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This unlocks nothing. Every figure, every row and every step on this page is already yours, whether you fill this in or not.

No deadline on any of this. The page will still be here, and the data is refreshed on a published schedule rather than when someone wants a headline.

Questions people ask about this job

Will AI replace Biochemists and biomedical scientists?: Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 174 official task statements scored for Biochemists and biomedical scientists (United Kingdom, SOC 2113), 23% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 35 out of 100 (range 29–40, band: low). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.
Which tasks in “Biochemists and biomedical scientists” can AI already do?: The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Analyse and evaluate data by performing complex calculations using computers” (93/100, very high); “Maintain databases of biological data for research and analysis purposes” (93/100, very high); “Ensure turnaround times for reporting results are met” (93/100, very high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.
Which tasks in “Biochemists and biomedical scientists” stay human?: About 61% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Collect eggs and sperm (gametes) from patients for processing” (0/100, minimal); “Maintain therapeutic and diagnostic equipment used in patients' homes” (0/100, minimal); “Calibrate therapeutic and diagnostic equipment for home use” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.
What should someone working in “Biochemists and biomedical scientists” do about AI?: Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 23% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 61% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.
How is the AI exposure score for Biochemists and biomedical scientists calculated?: Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 174 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

Where these numbers come from

About the data on this page

Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.
One row is marked low confidence, so treat it as a ballpark rather than a fine measurement.
The match between this job and its counterpart in the other country is partial, so the two pages count slightly different groups of people.
38 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Task statements: gaisi-indexProcessing: catalogue-bridge → ssc-relatedness-weighting → task-scoring → score-aggregation
Task weights: gaisi-index (relatedness)
Scores: Rubric task_scoring_v1.0, model claude-opus-5, computed 2026-08-05.
Pay and employment: ashe-t14 (ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025))nomis-aps (Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period))

Figures on this page come from release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Every release keeps its own permanent address, so a figure you cite in March is still there, unchanged, in November.

The plain-English wording on this page is assembled directly from the task statements and the published ratings, not written by hand for this occupation. That is why it is specific, and it is also why we say so.

The routes and free resources further up are today’s, not the release’s (last reviewed 2026-08-05). A route is an offer, not a historical fact, so it moves on its own clock.

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Everything on this site is published under CC BY 4.0. Quote it, chart it, sell something built on it. Just say where it came from, and cite the dated release rather than the site, so the figure you quote stays checkable.

Plain text

Collab365 (2026). Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1 (methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0). https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Built with O*NET data (USDOL/ETA, CC BY 4.0); ONS data (Open Government Licence v3.0); GAISI task framework (arXiv:2507.22748, MIT); BLS data (public domain).

BibTeX

@misc{collab365futureproof2026q41,
  title        = {Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1},
  author       = {{Collab365}},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1},
  note         = {Release 2026-q4.1, methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0, CC BY 4.0}
}

Permalink

https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1

Data as of release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Releases never change after publication; when the figures move, a new dated release is published beside this one and this one stays exactly where it is.