Will AI replace Carpenters and joiners?

Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 73 official task statements scored for Carpenters and joiners (United Kingdom, SOC 5316), 6% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 9 out of 100 (range 8–14, band: minimal). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.

Which tasks in “Carpenters and joiners” can AI already do?

The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Create schedules for team or project activities” (75/100, high); “Maintain accurate records” (75/100, high); “Order timber or required materials for projects” (75/100, high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.

Which tasks in “Carpenters and joiners” stay human?

About 91% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Carry out pre-use checks of all lifting and handling equipment for the project” (0/100, minimal); “Utilise advanced skills in measuring, marking out, fitting, cutting, splicing, finishing, positioning, and securing” (0/100, minimal); “Create staircases and veneers with circular and circular on circular designs” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.

What should someone working in “Carpenters and joiners” do about AI?

Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 6% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 91% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.

How is the AI exposure score for Carpenters and joiners calculated?

Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 73 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

UK dataswitch to US

Carpenters and joiners

assembling components of fitted furniture, refinishing wood surfaces on cabinets and securing forms and structures in place using various fastening materials. If that's your week, this page is about your job.

The honest answer

AI changes the edges of this job, not the middle: constructing wooden fixtures used in buildings using woodworking machines is work software can't reach.

Your move: what you can actually do about this ↓

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 6%
changing shape: 2%
staying human: 91%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

Whole-job exposure score 9 out of 100 (8–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, across 73 scored tasks. The number is the support for the sentence above it, not a headline about anyone’s future.

How we know this

What is measured: Every published task statement for carpenters and joiners is rated on five dimensions: can a model produce the output, does the work need a body in a room, does it need a legally accountable person, does it depend on a person being trusted in the moment, and how much data exists. A published formula turns those five ratings into the score; the model never writes the number.

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

What shifts is ordering timber or required materials for projects: the paper around the work, not the work.

Your week, as this page understands it

Carpenters and joiners construct, erect, install and repair wooden structures and fittings used in internal and external frameworks and cut, shape, fit and assemble wood to make templates, jigs, scale models and scenic equipment for theatres. The job title says “carpenters” or “joiners”: officially one job, two names. The real job is the part underneath: constructing wooden fixtures used in buildings using woodworking machines. That is the thing someone has to be right about.

The exposed part of this job is specific, and we won’t pretend it is coming back. But carpenters and joiners is not one task. It is 73 scored ones, and they are nowhere near equally exposed. The most durable of them, on this evidence, is constructing wooden fixtures used in buildings using woodworking machines, and the ledger below shows exactly why.

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 6%
changing shape: 2%
staying human: 91%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

How we know this

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

Your job, task by task

These are the official task statements for this occupation, in plain English, sorted by what the evidence says is happening to each one. The official wording sits under every line so you can check the rewrite against it.

10 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Shifting to AI

6 tasks

Tasks today’s tools can already do most of. This is the part we will not soften: where these rows are the bulk of your week, the week changes.

Ordering timber or required materials for projects
This is reading one thing and writing another: timber in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Order timber or required materials for projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Working out quantities from a drawing and placing the order is calculation and admin software handles.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Maintaining accurate records
This is reading one thing and writing another: accurate records in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Maintain accurate records.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping records accurate is routine screen work software does reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing cost estimates for clients or employers
This is reading one thing and writing another: cost estimates in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5316/01
Source: “Prepare cost estimates for clients or employers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Cost estimating from a materials list and labour rates is calculation that estimating software already does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Creating schedules for team or project activities
This is reading one thing and writing another: schedules in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5316/01
Source: “Create schedules for team or project activities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Building a schedule from tasks, people and deadlines is planning work software does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Interpreting technical specifications, digital information to identify project requirements
This is reading one thing and writing another: technical specifications, digital information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 5316/03
Source: “Interpret technical specifications including digital information to identify project requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading specifications and digital drawings to pull out requirements is document work AI does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Changing shape

1 task

Tasks where the machine takes the producing and a person keeps the checking, the deciding, or the answering-for-it. For most jobs this is the biggest group, and it is where "transformation, not termination" is literally visible.

Determining material dimensions, required equipment and operations sequences by studying blueprints, drawings and sketches
The software now makes the first pass at material dimensions, required equipment and operations sequences, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Determine material dimensions, required equipment, and operations sequences by studying blueprints, drawings, and sketches.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading a drawing to work out sizes, tools and the order of work is analysis software does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Staying human

66 tasks

Tasks that stay with a person, because they happen in the physical world, because the rules need someone accountable, or because the value is that a specific person does them.

Constructing wooden fixtures used in buildings using woodworking machines
This work happens in the physical world: wooden fixtures, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Construct wooden fixtures used in buildings using woodworking machines, carpenter's hand tools, or power tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making wooden fixtures means cutting and shaping material by hand and machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing frames in commercial or residential premises using hand and power tools
This work happens in the physical world: frames, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Install frames in commercial or residential premises using hand and power tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing frames in a building means being there with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Measuring and marking cutting lines on materials
This work happens in the physical world: lines, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Measure and mark cutting lines on materials, using a ruler, pencil, chalk, and marking gauge.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring and marking material means working on the timber itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Shaping or cutting materials to specified measurements
This work happens in the physical world: materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting and shaping material to size is done with tools on the material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.

Show the other 63 tasks

Identifying project requirements and developing a detailed work plan
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: project requirements in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 50 · 5316/03
Source: “Identify project requirements and develop a detailed work plan.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning a job into a written work plan is structured planning that AI drafts well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Planning personal and team tasks based on the work programme and ensuring clear communication with colleagues
staying human
The ratings behind this row put personal and team tasks well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 50 · 5316/03
Source: “Plan personal and team tasks based on the work programme and ensure clear communication with colleagues.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 37 out of 100 (30–44 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Task planning against the programme is a scheduling job, though it is agreed with the crew on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Coordinating with subcontractors
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles subcontractors and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Coordinate with subcontractors.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Programmes and messages can be drafted, but agreeing work with subcontractors runs on working relationships.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Collaborating with stakeholders, clients and other construction roles, including programming and technical matters
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles stakeholders, clients and other construction roles and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Collaborate with stakeholders, clients and other construction roles, including programming and technical matters.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 26 out of 100 (19–33 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Working with clients and other trades on programme and technical matters runs on people talking.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Selecting the required quantity and quality of resources
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the required quantity, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/03
Source: “Select the required quantity and quality of resources, including timber, tools, and fixings, for complex and non-standard work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Quantities can be calculated, but judging timber quality means picking it up and looking at it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Surveying locations accurately to produce designs for furniture installation
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: locations, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5316/01
Source: “Survey locations accurately to produce designs for furniture installation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: The design can be drawn up by software, but the measurements have to be taken on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Discussing plans and job instructions with clients or site managers
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: plans, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5316/02
Source: “Discuss plans and job instructions with clients or site managers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 20 out of 100 (13–27 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Notes and drawings help, but agreeing the job with a client or site manager is a conversation on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Complying with occupational health, safety and environmental requirements to ensure wellbeing
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: occupational health, safety and environmental requirements, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 55 · 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Comply with occupational health, safety, and environmental requirements to ensure wellbeing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 20 out of 100 (16–24 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: The requirements are published and easy to summarise, but working to them on site is down to the person doing the job.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Interpreting and implementing plans and designs
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: plans, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/01
Source: “Interpret and implement plans and designs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 19 out of 100 (12–26 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Reading the plans is easy for software, but carrying them out is hands-on building work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Setting out work tasks for staircases and products with single/double curvature features
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: work tasks, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/03
Source: “Set out work tasks for staircases and products with single/double curvature features.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 19 out of 100 (12–26 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: The setting-out calculations suit software, but the work is then marked and made by hand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conforming to building regulations, method statements and risk assessments in work
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: building regulations, method statements and risk assessments, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/03
Source: “Conform to building regulations, method statements, and risk assessments in work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (11–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Software can draft method statements and assessments, but conforming to them while building is the carpenter's own doing, checked later by building control.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inspecting products like windows and doors for damage or imperfections in frame or paintwork
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: products like windows, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Inspect products like windows and doors for damage or imperfections in frame or paintwork.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Photos and vision tools can spot some faults, but proper inspection means handling the product.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Checking others' work
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: others' work, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Check others' work for compliance, including fire door system installations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: The compliance rules are clear, but checking a fitted fire door means examining it in place.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Achieving fitted furniture sales targets
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles fitted furniture sales targets and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 5316/01
Source: “Achieve fitted furniture sales targets.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Sales targets are met by winning over customers face to face in their own homes.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Marking out details for manufacturing complex doors
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: details, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/03
Source: “Mark out details for manufacturing complex doors, windows, units, fitments, and staircases.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: The geometry can be worked out by computer, but marking out is done on the timber itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Demonstrating the product and handover installation paperwork to customer
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the product, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5316/01
Source: “Demonstrate the product and handover installation paperwork to customer.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: The paperwork is easy to produce, but showing the customer how it works happens on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Carrying out quality checks against specification and taking remedial action
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: quality checks against specification, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5316/03
Source: “Carry out quality checks against specification and take remedial action where instructed.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking work against specification and putting it right happens at the work itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Rectifying identified defects in work methods and equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: identified defects, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/01
Source: “Rectify identified defects in work methods and equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Putting right a faulty method or piece of equipment means working on it directly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Leading team efforts in complex or non-standard projects
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: team efforts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 5316/03
Source: “Lead team efforts in complex or non-standard projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 4 out of 100 (0–8 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Leading a team through a tricky job means being on site directing people.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Assembling components of fitted furniture
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: components of fitted furniture, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5316/01, 5316/02
Source: “Assemble components of fitted furniture.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Assembling furniture means physically putting the parts together.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Completing installation of fitted furniture and decor accessories in accordance with manufacturers' instructions and client requirements
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: installation of fitted furniture, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5316/01
Source: “Complete installation of fitted furniture and decor accessories in accordance with manufacturers' instructions and client requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing fitted furniture in someone's home is hands-on work in the room.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Installing ancillary products, appliances and bathroom suites
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: ancillary products, appliances and bathroom suites, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5316/01
Source: “Install ancillary products such as appliances and bathroom suites.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting appliances and bathroom suites is physical installation work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing pre-installation and post-installation structures like framework and boxing for installation or decoration
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pre-installation, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5316/01
Source: “Install pre-installation and post-installation structures like framework and boxing for installation or decoration.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Building framework and boxing on site is hands-on construction.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Preparing locations for assembly and placement of furniture
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: locations, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5316/01
Source: “Prepare locations for assembly and placement of furniture.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Preparing a room for furniture to go in is physical work in that room.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Cleaning equipment and following health and safety rules to prevent workplace accidents
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Clean equipment and follow health and safety rules to prevent workplace accidents.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cleaning equipment and working safely on site are physical actions in the workplace.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Fitting, adjusting and repairing window and door frames to ensure proper alignment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: window, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Fit, adjust, and repair window and door frames to ensure proper alignment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting and adjusting frames so they line up is hands-on work with the material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors for glass panel fitting using hand tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pre-assembled metal, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors for glass panel fitting using hand tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting pre-made window and door frameworks is physical installation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Refinishing wood surfaces on cabinets
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: wood surfaces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Refinish wood surfaces on cabinets, doors, mouldings, and floors, using power sanders, putty, spray equipment, brushes, paints, or varnishes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Sanding, filling and finishing wood surfaces is physical work on the surface.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Securing forms and structures in place using various fastening materials
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: forms, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Secure forms and structures in place using various fastening materials.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fixing forms and structures in place is hands-on site work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Checking that rows are straight using a spirit level
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: rows are straight, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Check that rows are straight using a spirit level, laser level or plumb line.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking level and straightness means putting an instrument against the work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Finishing surfaces of wallboard in houses or buildings using panelling
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: surfaces of wallboard, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Finish surfaces of wallboard in houses or buildings using panelling.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Finishing wall surfaces with panelling is hands-on work in the building.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing hardware using carpenters' hand or power tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: hardware, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Install hardware using carpenters' hand or power tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting hinges, handles and other hardware is done by hand with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Repairing or replacing damaged sections using hand tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: damaged sections, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Repair or replace damaged sections using hand tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Repairing damaged sections is hands-on work with the material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Securelying install structural fixings in construction projects
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: install structural fixings, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Securely install structural fixings in construction projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing structural fixings safely means physically fitting them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Drilling holes in timber for construction and fitting purposes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: holes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Drill holes in timber for construction and fitting purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Drilling holes in timber is physical work with a tool.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Sanding or patching nicks or cracks in plasterboard or wallboard
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: nicks, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Sand or patch nicks or cracks in plasterboard or wallboard.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Sanding and patching wallboard is physical repair work on the surface.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Transporting installation equipment and materials to the site
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: installation equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/01
Source: “Transport installation equipment and materials to the site.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Moving tools and materials to site is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Applying shock-absorbing, sound-deadening or decorative coverings on floors, walls and cupboards
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: decorative coverings, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Apply shock-absorbing, sound-deadening, or decorative coverings on floors, walls, and cupboards, following guidelines for straight courses and designs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Laying coverings on floors, walls and cupboards is done by hand on the surface.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Sanding patch using a sanding tool
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: patch, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Sand patch using a sanding tool.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Sanding a patch means working on the surface with a tool.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Applying filler compound to floors to seal wood
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: filler compound, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Apply filler compound to floors to seal wood.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Applying filler to seal a wooden floor is hands-on work on the floor.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Laying hardwood, parquet or wood-strip-block floors by nailing to subfloor or cementing to base
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: hardwood, parquet or wood-strip-block floors, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 5316/01, 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Lay hardwood, parquet, or wood-strip-block floors by nailing to subfloor or cementing to base.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Laying wooden flooring means fixing each piece down by hand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Cutting and shaping timber
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: timber, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5316/02
Source: “Cut and shape timber for floorboards, doors, skirting boards and window frames.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting and shaping timber is done with tools on the material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Erecting timber roof structures and components
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: timber roof structures, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5316/02
Source: “Erect timber roof structures and components, in-situ roofs and pre-assembled roof structures according to drawings and specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Putting up a timber roof structure is physical construction at height.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Making and fitting staircases
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: staircases, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5316/02
Source: “Make and fit staircases.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making and fitting a staircase is hands-on joinery and installation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Creating complex, decorative architectural joinery products, doors and windows
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: complex, decorative architectural joinery products, doors and windows, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Create complex, decorative architectural joinery products such as doors and windows.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making decorative doors and windows is skilled work with the timber itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Fitting and assembling non-standard complex timber products
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: non-standard complex timber products, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Fit and assemble non-standard complex timber products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Building and fitting non-standard timber products is hands-on craft work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Fitting door frames and rails using power tools and hand tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: door frames, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5316/02
Source: “Fit door frames and rails using power tools and hand tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting door frames and rails is done on site with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Making and fitting partition walls
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: partition walls, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5316/02
Source: “Make and fit partition walls.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Building and fitting partition walls is physical construction work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Carrying out complex architectural joinery tasks conforming to all current and relevant building regulations
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: complex architectural joinery tasks, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Carry out complex architectural joinery tasks conforming to all current and relevant building regulations, quality standards and specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Complex joinery to building regulations is skilled work done by hand on the material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Fitting cupboards in residential or commercial premises
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: cupboards, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/02
Source: “Fit cupboards in residential or commercial premises.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting cupboards into a room is hands-on installation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing wooden formwork and shuttering that holds setting concrete in place
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: wooden formwork, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/02
Source: “Install wooden formwork and shuttering that holds setting concrete in place.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing formwork and shuttering is hands-on carpentry on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Preparing the work site by setting out the work and selecting materials
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the work site, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Prepare the work site by setting out the work and selecting materials, tools, and equipment appropriate for the project.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting out the work and getting materials and tools ready happens physically on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Repairing, modifying, maintaining or replacing window components
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: window components, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5316/02
Source: “Repair, modify, maintain or replace window components.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Repairing or replacing window parts is hands-on work on the window.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Erecting scaffolding for elevated work areas
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: elevated work areas, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/02
Source: “Erect scaffolding for elevated work areas.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Putting up scaffolding is entirely hands-on work at the site, however well the plan for it is written beforehand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Fitting out offices
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: offices, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/02
Source: “Fit out offices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting out an office is physical installation work in the space.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting roof timbers for damage or rot
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: roof timbers, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/02
Source: “Inspect roof timbers for damage or rot.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking roof timbers for rot means getting up there and probing them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Install subflooring in structures undergoing construction or repair
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: structures undergoing construction, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Install subflooring in structures undergoing construction or repair.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Laying subflooring is physical work fixing boards in place.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Repairing, modifying, maintaining or replacing floor or flat roof joist coverings
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: floor, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5316/02
Source: “Repair, modify, maintain or replace floor or flat roof joist coverings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Repairing or replacing joist coverings is hands-on structural work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting ceiling or floor tile to detect broken or damaged structures
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: floor tile, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Inspect ceiling or floor tile to detect broken or damaged structures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking ceiling and floor tiles for damage means looking at and touching them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Maintaining and repairing hand tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: hand tools, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5316/02, 5316/03
Source: “Maintain and repair hand tools, power tools and associated equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Maintaining and repairing tools is physical work on the tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Creating staircases and veneers with circular and circular on circular designs
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: staircases, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/03
Source: “Create staircases and veneers with circular and circular on circular designs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making curved staircases and veneers is highly skilled hands-on craft work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Utilising advanced skills in measuring
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: advanced skills, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5316/03
Source: “Utilise advanced skills in measuring, marking out, fitting, cutting, splicing, finishing, positioning, and securing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring, cutting, fitting and securing are all done by hand on the material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Carrying out pre-use checks of all lifting and handling equipment for the project
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pre-use checks, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 5316/03
Source: “Carry out pre-use checks of all lifting and handling equipment for the project.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking lifting equipment before use means physically inspecting it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

What this job pays, and how many people do it

Median pay: £34,000a year, before tax, the middle of the range, so half earn more and half earn less.ashe-t14, 2025 · ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
How we know this
Source: ashe-t14
Reference period: ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)
Rounding: Shown to the nearest £100. The exact published figure is in the downloadable dataset. We do not render pounds the survey cannot support.
People doing this job: 175,400in the UK, 2026.nomis-aps · Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period)This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.

What is deliberately not here: a forecast of how many of these jobs exist in ten years. Where an official projection exists for a market we publish it with its vintage; where it does not, we leave the space empty rather than borrow the other country’s number.

Why this is shifting

The reason is boringly specific. Most of what is shifting here is reading one thing and writing another: accurate records in, a record out. The rows above are exactly that shape: ordering timber or required materials for projects and maintaining accurate records. What it cannot do is be there in the room, and that is still where wooden fixtures get done. Which is why this page talks about your tasks changing, not your job ending.

Your move

Over a pint: what I’d tell you if you were my friend

Start with what does not change: constructing wooden fixtures used in buildings using woodworking machines is the middle of this job, and the evidence on this page says it stays with a person.

So, given all that: 6% of this job's task weight sits in rows the software is already learning, 2% in rows that change shape rather than disappear, and 91% in rows it is nowhere near. That is the position, measured across 73 scored tasks. It is not a forecast about you.

So the thing worth your attention is not the job going away. It is the layer around it. Ordering timber or required materials for projects is the part turning into software, and being the person who understands that layer is worth money.

This week: one thing

Ask the one question. Find whoever is bringing new software into your workplace (the manager, the office, whoever runs the system) and ask them what it is meant to do to accurate records, and what it is not meant to touch. Ten minutes, this week, before anyone decides it for you.

What you end up holding: a straight answer about what is actually being rolled out, and when
How long it takes: ten minutes

If there’s nobody obvious to ask, or you’d rather not ask your manager: Put the same question to your union rep, your shift lead or the person who has been there longest, in person, over a break. Same ten minutes, same answer, and you will usually get a straighter one. Write down what they say. The note is the artifact, and it tells you whether wooden fixtures are in scope or not. Nothing to log into, no licence needed.

Over the next 90 days

Get inside the tool rollout rather than waiting for it. Over the next ninety days, ask to be in the group that tests, checks or signs off whatever new system arrives near determining material dimensions, required equipment and operations sequences by studying blueprints, drawings and sketches. It is usually an unglamorous seat that nobody fights for, and it is the one that decides how the software is used on your job rather than to it.

Over the next 12 months

On this evidence I would not retrain out of this job, and I will say that plainly rather than hedge it. The task list here is dominated by work that stays with a person. What I would do with a year is get formally recognised for the layer around it (the systems, the compliance, the planning), so you are the one who understands the software instead of the one it is done to. Before you pay for anything, spend an hour with National Careers Service. It is free and government-funded, and it is listed below with the rest of the free routes.

The roads out of here, and why I am not sending you down them

I looked at the obvious moves out of this job, and here is what I found.

I checked the 12 nearest UK occupations to carpenters and joiners (nearest by the work that AI is not taking, not by job title), and none of them survived. The closest was construction and building trades supervisors: only about 9% of its durable work is work you already do. And on the numbers you do not need one. This job scores 9/100 here, with only 6% of the task list in the top band, and “construct wooden fixtures used in buildings using woodworking machines, carpenter's hand tools…” is not work that hands over cleanly. None of them beats deepening what you already have.

How that was checked: this job was compared against all 412 UK occupations in this release on their official task statements, and the 12 nearest were examined one by one. A move that turns on an industry, an employer or a qualification rather than on the work itself will not show up in a check like that. And this release carries no licence register, so anything you are weighing needs that looked up separately.

3 moves I checked and rejected

These are the obvious-looking jumps. They are here with their reasons rather than quietly dropped, because the ones that fail are worth knowing about. It is one less thing to turn over at night.

Construction and building trades supervisors
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “construct wooden fixtures used in buildings using woodworking machines, carpenter's hand tools, or power tools”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 9% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 9% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Glaziers, window fabricators and fitters
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “install pre-assembled metal or wood frameworks for windows or doors for glass panel fitting using hand…”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 6% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 6% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. It is a pay cut, in those words: £29,436 against your £34,014, 13.5% less (ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional (both)). Retraining to earn less is a decision, not advice. And it is a narrow door: about 33,400 of those jobs against 175,400 of yours (ONS via Nomis), 19% as many seats.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Furniture makers and other craft woodworkers
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “assemble components of fitted furniture”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 6% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 6% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. And it is a narrow door: about 36,100 of those jobs against 175,400 of yours (ONS via Nomis), 21% as many seats.
Look at that job’s page anyway →

What I’d stop worrying about

A friend tells you what not to spend fear on. This is that list.

The headline number you read somewhere
The big “X% of jobs” figures are about the whole economy, not about you. The number that describes your job is on this page: 6% of its task weight, across 73 scored tasks. Every row behind it is printed above with the source. Check ours; ignore theirs.
The headlines about your trade disappearing
They are usually about the technology, not the timetable. Changes to work like constructing wooden fixtures used in buildings using woodworking machines arrive through rules, insurance and money, slowly and visibly. This page tracks the task evidence and will move when it moves.
Retraining out of a job that is holding up
On this evidence I would not spend money leaving. Spend it on the layer around the job instead: the tools, the paperwork, the planning. That is where the change actually is.
The “obvious” next job everyone suggests
I checked the obvious moves and most of them did not survive. The reasons are printed with the routes above, including the pay and the gate. A move that fails on the numbers is worth knowing about so you can stop turning it over at night.

You are reading the United Kingdom figures

The United States splits this work across more than one official group, of which Carpenters is the closest. The pay and employment figures are not directly comparable, and we do not average them together.

Switch to the United States page →partial match

In US official statistics this job is counted as Carpenters. Pay and employment stay on this page’s own group; the task list and the scores do not cross over.

Your route through this

Where to go next, and what it costs

Free, and complete

The moves above cost nothing. These are the real services that go with them: public, government-funded, and free at the point of use. Nothing on this page is behind an email address or a payment.

In England:
National Careers Service
A free hour with a government-funded careers adviser is worth more than another evening of reading. In England that's the National Careers Service.
Free, government-funded
- Discover your skills and careers (the skills assessment)
In England:
National Careers Service - Find a course
Search what's actually running near you before you spend anything.
Free to search; individual courses vary
In England:
Free courses for jobs (Level 3 qualifications)
A free Level 3 qualification you already qualify for beats a paid course you don't need.
Free for eligible adults
In England:
Skills Bootcamps
Free, up to 16 weeks, and you get a job interview at the end. In England these are Skills Bootcamps - search what's running near you.
Free for eligible adults in England
- Skills Bootcamps - what they are and who can do them (DfE, Skills for Careers)
- Skills Bootcamps - JobHelp (DWP)
In Scotland:
My World of Work (Skills Development Scotland)
In Scotland it's My World of Work, from Skills Development Scotland.
Free, publicly funded
- Skills Development Scotland
In Wales:
Careers Wales
In Wales it's Careers Wales.
Free, Welsh Government-funded
In Northern Ireland:
Careers Service Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland it's the Careers Service on nidirect.
Free, Department for the Economy-funded

No Space for this job, but one for what is happening to it

Nothing Collab365 runs is built for carpenters / joiners, and we are not going to point you at the nearest one and call it a fit.

There is one that is not about a job title at all. The AI Authority is about being the person who directs these tools at work rather than the person they get compared to. That is worth saying here, because 6% of the work on this page is already inside what they can do.

Try The AI Authority free →

7 days free, no card needed. Explore up to 2 Spaces before you choose a plan: you pick a plan later, not now.

The AI Authority is a general community about working with AI, not a course for carpenters / joiners. You do not need it to act on anything here: the moves above cost nothing and stand on their own. The data on this page is the same either way.

Noted, and thank you. We’ll email you if a Space for carpenters / joiners launches. Nothing else.

That did not look like an email address, so nothing was saved. Have another go below.

We could not save that. The fault is ours, not yours, and your address was not stored. Please try again later.

No Space for carpenters / joiners yet. Should there be one?

Collab365 Spaces is built by the same people as this site. We find the problems that AI and automation are creating inside one kind of work, then solve them as short courses, briefings and Blueprints. Each Space is the community too, so the research and the people doing your job are in the same place.

What a Space actually is, in full

Collab365 launches new communities where the need is real. If one for carpenters / joiners existed, with researched problems, courses and people in the same boat, would you want in?

Your email

We use your email address for one thing: to tell you if a Space for carpenters / joiners launches. We never sell it, never use it for unrelated marketing, and every email has a one-click unsubscribe. Our privacy policy has the full version.

This unlocks nothing. Every figure, every row and every step on this page is already yours, whether you fill this in or not.

No deadline on any of this. The page will still be here, and the data is refreshed on a published schedule rather than when someone wants a headline.

Questions people ask about this job

Will AI replace Carpenters and joiners?: Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 73 official task statements scored for Carpenters and joiners (United Kingdom, SOC 5316), 6% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 9 out of 100 (range 8–14, band: minimal). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.
Which tasks in “Carpenters and joiners” can AI already do?: The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Create schedules for team or project activities” (75/100, high); “Maintain accurate records” (75/100, high); “Order timber or required materials for projects” (75/100, high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.
Which tasks in “Carpenters and joiners” stay human?: About 91% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Carry out pre-use checks of all lifting and handling equipment for the project” (0/100, minimal); “Utilise advanced skills in measuring, marking out, fitting, cutting, splicing, finishing, positioning, and securing” (0/100, minimal); “Create staircases and veneers with circular and circular on circular designs” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.
What should someone working in “Carpenters and joiners” do about AI?: Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 6% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 91% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.
How is the AI exposure score for Carpenters and joiners calculated?: Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 73 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

Where these numbers come from

About the data on this page

Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.
The match between this job and its counterpart in the other country is partial, so the two pages count slightly different groups of people.
10 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Task statements: gaisi-indexProcessing: catalogue-bridge → ssc-relatedness-weighting → task-scoring → score-aggregation
Task weights: gaisi-index (relatedness)
Scores: Rubric task_scoring_v1.0, model claude-opus-5, computed 2026-08-05.
Pay and employment: ashe-t14 (ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025))nomis-aps (Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period))

Figures on this page come from release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Every release keeps its own permanent address, so a figure you cite in March is still there, unchanged, in November.

The plain-English wording on this page is assembled directly from the task statements and the published ratings, not written by hand for this occupation. That is why it is specific, and it is also why we say so.

The routes and free resources further up are today’s, not the release’s (last reviewed 2026-08-05). A route is an offer, not a historical fact, so it moves on its own clock.

How we score a job Download this release Look up another job

Using these figures?

Cite this

Everything on this site is published under CC BY 4.0. Quote it, chart it, sell something built on it. Just say where it came from, and cite the dated release rather than the site, so the figure you quote stays checkable.

Plain text

Collab365 (2026). Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1 (methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0). https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Built with O*NET data (USDOL/ETA, CC BY 4.0); ONS data (Open Government Licence v3.0); GAISI task framework (arXiv:2507.22748, MIT); BLS data (public domain).

BibTeX

@misc{collab365futureproof2026q41,
  title        = {Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1},
  author       = {{Collab365}},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1},
  note         = {Release 2026-q4.1, methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0, CC BY 4.0}
}

Permalink

https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1

Data as of release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Releases never change after publication; when the figures move, a new dated release is published beside this one and this one stays exactly where it is.