Will AI replace Chartered and certified accountants?

Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 198 official task statements scored for Chartered and certified accountants (United Kingdom, SOC 2421), 32% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 46 out of 100 (range 40–52, band: partial). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.

Which tasks in “Chartered and certified accountants” can AI already do?

The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Send audit reports to appropriate departments for financial review” (93/100, very high); “Prepare tables of financial accounts for auditing purposes” (88/100, very high); “Compile profit and loss accounts and budgets” (88/100, very high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.

Which tasks in “Chartered and certified accountants” stay human?

About 37% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Carry out searches of premises, individuals, and business records adhering to policy” (0/100, minimal); “Utilise soft skills to gather evidence during interviews” (1/100, minimal); “Interview suspects to take their statements” (1/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.

What should someone working in “Chartered and certified accountants” do about AI?

Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 32% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 37% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.

How is the AI exposure score for Chartered and certified accountants calculated?

Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 198 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

UK dataswitch to US

Chartered and certified accountants

carrying out forensic analysis to investigate financial data, complying with the provisions for disclosure and giving of evidence and conducting investigations according to relevant standards. If that's your week, this page is about your job.

The honest answer

AI is already taking a real slice of the routine work here: performing tests to check financial information and systems. That is a slice of tasks, not of you.

Your move: what you can actually do about this ↓

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 32%
changing shape: 31%
staying human: 37%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

Whole-job exposure score 46 out of 100 (40–52 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, across 198 scored tasks. The number is the support for the sentence above it, not a headline about anyone’s future.

How we know this

What is measured: Every published task statement for chartered and certified accountants is rated on five dimensions: can a model produce the output, does the work need a body in a room, does it need a legally accountable person, does it depend on a person being trusted in the moment, and how much data exists. A published formula turns those five ratings into the score; the model never writes the number.

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

That slice is not coming back; the core of the job, supervising personnel in maintaining accurate financial records, stays yours. The tools change, the responsibility doesn't.

Your week, as this page understands it

Chartered and certified accountants provide accounting and auditing services, advise clients on financial matters, collect and analyse financial information and perform other accounting duties required by management for the planning and control of an establishment’s income and expenditure. The job title says “chartered” or “certified accountants”: officially one job, two names. The real job is the part underneath: supervising personnel in maintaining accurate financial records. That is the thing someone has to be right about.

The exposed part of this job is specific, and we won’t pretend it is coming back. But chartered and certified accountants is not one task. It is 198 scored ones, and they are nowhere near equally exposed. The most durable of them, on this evidence, is supervising personnel in maintaining accurate financial records, and the ledger below shows exactly why.

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 32%
changing shape: 31%
staying human: 37%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

How we know this

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

Your job, task by task

These are the official task statements for this occupation, in plain English, sorted by what the evidence says is happening to each one. The official wording sits under every line so you can check the rewrite against it.

4 rows are marked low confidence, so treat them as a ballpark rather than a fine measurement.
2 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Shifting to AI

58 tasks

Tasks today’s tools can already do most of. This is the part we will not soften: where these rows are the bulk of your week, the week changes.

Performing tests to check financial information and systems
This is reading one thing and writing another: tests in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2421/01, 2421/02, 2421/04
Source: “Perform tests to check financial information and systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Running tests over financial information and systems follows set procedures on digital records, so tools do much of the legwork.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Collecting and analysing data to identify issues like deficient controls
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2421/01, 2421/03, 2421/04
Source: “Collect and analyse data to identify issues like deficient controls, fraud, or non-compliance with regulations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Sifting records for weak controls, fraud or rule-breaking is pattern-spotting in data, which tools handle well before a person confirms.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Analysing financial data to support budget planning
This is reading one thing and writing another: financial data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2421/01, 2421/02
Source: “Analyse financial data to support budget planning.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Pulling apart financial data to support a budget is number work that software and analysis tools already do well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Examining financial records to ensure accuracy and compliance with regulations
This is reading one thing and writing another: financial records in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Examine financial records to ensure accuracy and compliance with regulations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Checking records for accuracy and rule compliance is repeatable comparison work that tools do quickly, with a qualified person confirming.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Changing shape

58 tasks

Tasks where the machine takes the producing and a person keeps the checking, the deciding, or the answering-for-it. For most jobs this is the biggest group, and it is where "transformation, not termination" is literally visible.

Preparing and analysing annual reports and financial statements using accepted accounting procedures
The software now makes the first pass at annual reports, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2421/01, 2421/02, 2421/04
Source: “Prepare and analyse annual reports and financial statements using accepted accounting procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Preparing the accounts is standard rule-based work, but a qualified accountant takes professional responsibility for the statements that result.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Implementing record-keeping and accounting systems for financial accuracy
The software now makes the first pass at systems, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2421/01, 2421/02, 2421/04
Source: “Implement record-keeping and accounting systems for financial accuracy.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Setting up record-keeping and accounting systems needs decisions about how the business actually runs, so tools only take you part way.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Advising on the financial implications of business decisions
The software now makes the first pass at the financial implications of business decisions, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2421/01, 2421/02, 2421/04
Source: “Advise on the financial implications of business decisions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Advice on what a decision means financially can be drafted from figures, but the judgement and client relationship still sit with the accountant.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Staying human

82 tasks

Tasks that stay with a person, because they happen in the physical world, because the rules need someone accountable, or because the value is that a specific person does them.

Supervising personnel in maintaining accurate financial records
The value here is that a specific person handles personnel and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/01, 2421/02, 2421/04
Source: “Supervise personnel in maintaining accurate financial records.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (11–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Supervising people keeping the books is about oversight of colleagues, which needs a person they answer to.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing detailed reports on audit findings
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for detailed reports, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 85 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Prepare detailed reports on audit findings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 36 out of 100 (29–43 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Findings can be written up from working papers, but audit work must be carried out and overseen by a registered auditor.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Advising the company board on new and emerging financial issues
The value here is that a specific person handles the company board and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 80 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Advise the company board on new and emerging financial issues.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Briefing a board on new financial issues means being in the room and reading it, even when the research behind it is drafted.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Show the other 188 tasks

Sending audit reports to appropriate departments for financial review
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: audit reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2421/01
Source: “Send audit reports to appropriate departments for financial review.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Getting finished audit reports to the right departments is routine distribution that office systems handle automatically.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing tables of financial accounts for auditing purposes
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: tables of financial accounts in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Prepare tables of financial accounts for auditing purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Laying out financial accounts in tables for audit is formatting and derivation work that software already does reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Compiling profit and loss accounts and budgets
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: profit in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Compile profit and loss accounts and budgets.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Building profit and loss accounts and budgets from records is structured derivation that accounting software already does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Generating cash flow statements and performing variance analysis
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: cash flow statements in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Generate cash flow statements and perform variance analysis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Cash flow statements and variance calculations follow fixed rules on data already in the system, so software produces them reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Preparing financial accounts and management information for small businesses
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: financial accounts in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Prepare financial accounts and management information for small businesses.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (81–95 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Producing small business accounts and management information from records is well-defined derivation that accounting software already handles.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Maintaining accounting records for small businesses
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: records in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Maintain accounting records for small businesses.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping the books for small businesses is repetitive, well-documented work that accounting software already does with little help.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Extracting data from financial records for forensic analysis
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Extract data from financial records for forensic analysis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Pulling data out of financial records for analysis is extraction work that software already does routinely.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Completing data analysis tasks using spreadsheets and specialist software
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data analysis tasks in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Complete data analysis tasks using spreadsheets and specialist software.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Data analysis in spreadsheets and specialist software is exactly the kind of structured work current tools do very well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Creating and maintaining logs, records or databases of information about fraudulent activity
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: logs, records or databases of information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Create and maintain logs, records, or databases of information about fraudulent activity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Building and maintaining a structured database of incidents is routine data work that software handles at least as well as people.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Drafting and sending reports and official correspondence
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Draft and send reports and official correspondence.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Drafting and sending reports and official letters is standard document work that current tools produce to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Processing invoices accurately and efficiently
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: invoices in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/04
Source: “Process invoices accurately and efficiently.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Invoice processing is repetitive, well-documented work that finance software already handles with little human input.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Reviewing data about material assets
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/04
Source: “Review data about material assets, net worth, liabilities, share capital, surplus, income, or expenditures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reviewing assets, liabilities, capital, income and expenditure data is structured checking that finance software does routinely.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Conducting credit checks to assess financial reliability
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: credit checks in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 2421/04
Source: “Conduct credit checks to assess financial reliability.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Credit checks are an automated lookup against reference data, already routine in finance systems.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Maintaining accurate records
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: accurate records in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 2421/05
Source: “Maintain accurate records.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Accurate record-keeping is routine, rule-bound work that accounting systems already automate to a high standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Comparing previously prepared bank statements with cancelled cheques and reconciling discrepancies
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: prepared bank statements in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Compare previously prepared bank statements with cancelled cheques and reconcile discrepancies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (76–90 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Matching statements to cheques and chasing differences is repetitive comparison work that software already handles at scale.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Allocating entries to appropriate accounts
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: entries in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Allocate entries to appropriate accounts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (76–90 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Coding entries to the right accounts is well-documented rule-following, and accounting software already gets most of it right.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Keeping up to date with developments in public sector financial and management accounting practices
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: to date in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Keep up to date with developments in public sector financial and management accounting practices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (79–87 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping up with public sector accounting developments is reading and summarising published material, which tools do very quickly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Developing professional knowledge of legislation and regulatory requirements for investigations
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: professional knowledge of legislation in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Develop professional knowledge of legislation and regulatory requirements for investigations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (79–87 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Building up knowledge of investigation law and regulation is reading and summarising published material, which tools do very quickly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Maintaining knowledge of current events and trends in such areas as money laundering and criminal tools and techniques
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: knowledge of current events in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Maintain knowledge of current events and trends in such areas as money laundering and criminal tools and techniques.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (79–87 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Guidance, typologies and case reports on financial crime are published widely, so keeping current suits automated scanning.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Researching or evaluating new technologies for use in fraud detection systems
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: new technologies in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Research or evaluate new technologies for use in fraud detection systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (79–87 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Vendor information and technical literature are abundant and public, so comparing fraud detection tools is well within software's reach.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Analysing financial information to develop plans for increasing profits or improving services
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: financial information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Analyse financial information to develop plans for increasing profits or improving services.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading financial information and suggesting ways to lift profits is analysis and write-up work well suited to today's tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing fraud detection tools and procedures
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: fraud detection tools in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Design fraud detection tools and procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Designing fraud detection tools and procedures is well-documented technical work that current tools support strongly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Calculating taxes owed and ensuring compliance with payment
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: taxes in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 2421/04
Source: “Calculate taxes owed and ensure compliance with payment, reporting, or other tax requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Calculating tax owed and meeting filing requirements follows published rules and is already largely done by software.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Analysing evidence, payslips and crediting reports to support recommendations
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: evidence, payslips and crediting reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/05
Source: “Analyse evidence such as payslips and credit reports to support recommendations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 72 out of 100 (65–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading payslips and credit reports to work out someone's position is structured document analysis that tools handle well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Reviewing and analysing new, proposed or revised laws to interpret their meaning
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: new, proposed or revised laws in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/05
Source: “Review and analyse new, proposed, or revised laws to interpret their meaning.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 72 out of 100 (68–76 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading new or changed law and working out what it means is text analysis over published material, which tools do well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Maintaining an understanding of up-to-date legal and regulatory changes relevant to the area and ensuring any changes are communicated effectively
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: an understanding of up-to-date legal in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Maintain an understanding of up-to-date legal and regulatory changes relevant to the area and ensure any changes are communicated effectively.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 70 out of 100 (66–74 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Tracking legal and regulatory changes and passing them on is reading and summarising published material, which tools do quickly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Assessing financial reporting using analytics
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: this work in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2421/01
Source: “Assess financial reporting using analytics.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Testing reported figures with analytics is exactly the kind of number-checking software does quickly, with a qualified person confirming.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Using analytical skills and technical expertise to carry out audit testing activities
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: analytical skills in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2421/01
Source: “Use analytical skills and technical expertise to carry out audit testing activities, identifying any control issues within an organisation's operations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Audit testing works through data against set procedures, which tools do at speed while a qualified person reviews the findings.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Analysing operational business risks using analytics
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: operational business risks in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Analyse operational business risks using analytics.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Assessing business risk with analytics is data work, and the modelling and write-up are well within reach of current tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Identifying potential risks to an organisation's assets and earning capacity
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: potential risks in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Identify potential risks to an organisation's assets and earning capacity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Risk checklists and financial data analysis are well documented, so software can produce a solid first read of the exposures.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reviewing records for compliance with legal and ethical standards
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: records in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Review records for compliance with legal and ethical standards.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reviewing records against legal and ethical standards is rule-matching over documents, something tools do quickly and consistently.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reviewing the company's systems to identify potential risks
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: the company's systems in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Review the company's systems to identify potential risks.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reviewing company systems for risk is structured analysis against known control frameworks, well supported by current tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Using risk assessment outcomes to guide audit coverage
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: risk assessment outcomes in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Use risk assessment outcomes to guide audit coverage.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning risk findings into audit coverage decisions is planning from documented data, which tools draft well for review.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing adjusting journal entries
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: journal entries in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Prepare adjusting journal entries.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Adjusting entries follow set accounting rules applied to the firm's own figures, which software handles with an accountant checking.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Resolving discrepancies in accounting records
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: discrepancies in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Resolve discrepancies in accounting records.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Tracing and fixing mismatches in ledgers is repetitive, well-documented work that software does quickly from the accounting system.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Including financial planning and forecasting in reports
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: financial planning in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Include financial planning and forecasting in reports.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Forecasts and projections are built from existing figures using standard methods, which software handles quickly and consistently.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Managing financial accounts to ensure organisational financial health
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: financial accounts in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Manage financial accounts to ensure organisational financial health.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Managing financial accounts is largely structured work over digital records, which accounting tools already support heavily.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing comprehensive reports for management review and decision-making
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: comprehensive reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Prepare comprehensive reports for management review and decision-making.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Management reports follow familiar structures and draw on data already held, so drafting them is well within current tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing reports on business activities
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Prepare reports on business activities, expenses, and budgets.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Pulling figures into a clear report is standard, well-documented work software does well, with the accountant adding business context.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Generating recommendations based on audit findings
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: recommendations in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Generate recommendations based on audit findings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning audit findings into recommendations is write-up work over evidence already gathered, which tools draft to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Producing reports following internal audits
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: reports following internal audits in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Produce reports following internal audits.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Producing reports after an internal audit is document work from evidence already collected, which tools draft well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Carrying out forensic analysis to investigate financial data
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: forensic analysis in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 90 · 2421/03
Source: “Carry out forensic analysis to investigate financial data.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Forensic work over financial data is data analysis at heart, and tools are strong at finding the patterns.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Categorising fraud and reporting the outcome with recommendations
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: fraud in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2421/03
Source: “Categorise fraud and report the outcome with recommendations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Classifying a fraud and writing up the outcome with recommendations is structured reporting from evidence already gathered.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting routine financial investigations to identify discrepancies and potential fraud
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: routine financial investigations in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 2421/03
Source: “Conduct routine financial investigations to identify discrepancies and potential fraud.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Routine checks of financial records for discrepancies is repeatable comparison work that tools do quickly and consistently.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Evaluating business operations to identify risk areas for fraud
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: business operations in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Evaluate business operations to identify risk areas for fraud.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Fraud risk indicators are well documented and testable against system data, so software produces a strong first assessment.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing detailed reports for legal cases
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: detailed reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Prepare detailed reports for legal cases.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Preparing detailed reports for legal cases is structured write-up from collected material, which tools draft to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Producing robust investigation plans
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: robust investigation plans in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Produce robust investigation plans.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: An investigation plan follows documented methods and known case facts, so a solid draft is easy to produce.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Correctlying identify, classify and handling incoming and outgoing information
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: identify, classify and handling incoming and outgoing information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Correctly identify, classify and handle incoming and outgoing information.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Sorting and classifying incoming and outgoing information follows documented rules, which software applies consistently.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Understanding how and when to use forensic services
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: how in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Understand how and when to use forensic services.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Knowing when to call in forensic services follows documented guidance, so tools can advise well before a person decides.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Understanding how, when and why to refer cases to others internally and/or externally from their own organisation
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: how in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Understand how, when and why to refer cases to others internally and/or externally from their own organisation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Referral rules for passing cases on are documented, so guidance can be produced reliably for a person to act on.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Formulating recommendations based on research findings
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: recommendations in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 2421/05
Source: “Formulate recommendations based on research findings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning research findings into recommendations is analysis and write-up, which current tools draft to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recommending controls to ensure system reliability and data integrity
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: controls in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Recommend controls to ensure system reliability and data integrity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Recommending controls for reliable systems draws on well-documented good practice, so a solid draft comes easily.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Advising on project costs
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: project costs in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Advise on project costs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Costing a project draws on rates, history and standard method, so a usable estimate can be produced quickly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Filing tax returns for fund accounts
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: tax returns in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 2421/04
Source: “File tax returns for fund accounts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 62 out of 100 (55–69 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Fund tax returns follow published rules and are largely produced by software, but a qualified person files them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Analysing business processes to identify opportunities for improvement
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at business processes, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Analyse business processes to identify opportunities for improvement.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 57 out of 100 (50–64 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Mapping business processes to find improvements is analysis and write-up, though the useful detail often lives with the people doing the work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting account books and accounting systems
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at account books, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Inspect account books and accounting systems for efficiency, effectiveness, and use of accepted accounting procedures to record transactions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: The checking itself is systematic and software-friendly, but when it forms part of an audit a registered auditor must oversee it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing or contributing to a final audit report
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at a final audit report, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2421/01
Source: “Prepare or contribute to a final audit report, including making recommendations for improvements to systems or processes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: A final audit report is drafted well by tools, but a qualified auditor's name sits on the conclusions.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Making recommendations for changes
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at recommendations, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Make recommendations for changes to procedures, operating systems, budgets, or financial controls.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Good practice in controls and procedures is well documented, so recommendations draft well, with the accountant tailoring them to the business.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reporting asset utilisation and audit findings to management
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at asset utilisation, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Report asset utilisation and audit findings to management.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reporting asset use and audit findings to managers is write-up work from data, with a person handling the conversation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Establishing internal controls to ensure financial accuracy and compliance
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at internal controls, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2421/02, 2421/05
Source: “Establish internal controls to ensure financial accuracy and compliance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Designing internal controls draws on well-documented frameworks, so a strong draft is straightforward before a person tailors it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing financial statements and accounts
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at financial statements, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2421/02
Source: “Prepare financial statements and accounts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Accounts are produced from ledger data under set standards, so drafts come easily, though a qualified accountant takes responsibility for them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Managing the budgetary process and analysing variances
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the budgetary process, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/02, 2421/04
Source: “Manage the budgetary process and analyse variances.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Variance analysis is arithmetic on data already in the system; running the process still means chasing budget holders.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Monitoring and controlling spending to adhere to the budget
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at adhere, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Monitor and control spending to adhere to the budget.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Spend against budget is tracked automatically; holding people to it still takes an accountant chasing the budget holders.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing comprehensive reports of financial investigation results to present findings to stakeholders
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at comprehensive reports of financial investigation results, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Prepare comprehensive reports of financial investigation results to present findings to stakeholders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing up investigation results for stakeholders is document work from evidence already gathered, drafted well by current tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recording all steps and findings of forensic investigations to ensure accuracy and accountability
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at all steps, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Record all steps and findings of forensic investigations to ensure accuracy and accountability.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Recording each step of a forensic investigation is documentation work, but the investigator has to stand behind the record.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Creating statements and records of interviews to the required standard
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at statements, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Create statements and records of interviews to the required standard.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Interview statements can be drafted from recordings, but the person who took them has to stand behind their accuracy.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Drafting accurate interview notes, witness statements and transcripts
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at accurate interview notes, witness statements and transcripts, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Draft accurate interview notes, witness statements and transcripts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Notes, statements and transcripts can be drafted well from recordings, but the investigator has to certify they are accurate.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing accurate case papers and evidential files to the highest professional standard
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at accurate case papers, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Prepare accurate case papers and evidential files to the highest professional standard.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Case papers and evidence files can be assembled to a good draft, but a named investigator has to certify them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing legal documents to support fraud investigations
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at legal documents, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Prepare legal documents to support fraud investigations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Legal documents for an investigation follow set forms and are drafted well, though someone accountable has to approve them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Producing witness statements to the standards required by the Criminal Procedure and Investigation Act
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at witness statements, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Produce witness statements to the standards required by the Criminal Procedure and Investigation Act (CPIA) 1996.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Witness statements follow a set legal format and draft well, but the person who made them has to sign them off.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing budgets for financial planning
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at budgets, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/04
Source: “Prepare budgets for financial planning.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Budgets are built from past figures and assumptions using standard models, so a solid draft is quick to produce.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reporting the finances of the establishment to management
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the finances of the establishment, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/04
Source: “Report the finances of the establishment to management.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reporting the organisation's finances to management is structured write-up from the accounting records, drafted well by tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assessing taxpayer finances to determine tax liability based on financial instruments and assets
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at taxpayer finances, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 2421/04
Source: “Assess taxpayer finances to determine tax liability based on financial instruments and assets.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Working out tax liability from someone's finances follows published rules and software, though a qualified person stands behind it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Auditing payroll and personnel records to determine Jobseeker's Allowance contributions
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at payroll, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 2421/04
Source: “Audit payroll and personnel records to determine Jobseeker's Allowance contributions, employers' liability insurance coverage, liabilities, and compliance with tax laws.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Auditing payroll and personnel records against tax and contribution rules is structured checking, with a qualified person confirming.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reviewing taxpayer accounts to determine audit requirements
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at taxpayer accounts, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 2421/04
Source: “Review taxpayer accounts to determine audit requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Reviewing taxpayer accounts to decide if an audit is needed is structured risk screening, with a qualified person confirming.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Determining the impact of laws
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the impact of laws, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/05
Source: “Determine the impact of laws, regulations, policies, and procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Working out what a law or policy means for the organisation is documented analysis, with a qualified person confirming.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing reports detailing an institution's safety
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at reports detailing an institution's safety, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/05
Source: “Prepare reports detailing an institution's safety, soundness, and compliance with laws.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Reports on an institution's soundness and compliance follow set formats and draft well, with a qualified person signing off.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Creating exhibits and schedules recommending solutions to financial issues
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at exhibits, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 2421/05
Source: “Create exhibits and schedules recommending solutions to financial issues.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Exhibits and schedules proposing financial solutions are structured document work, produced under a qualified practitioner's name.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recommending acceptance or rejection based on assessment
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at acceptance, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 2421/05
Source: “Recommend acceptance or rejection based on assessment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Recommending acceptance or rejection follows documented criteria, though a qualified practitioner stands behind the decision.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Referring individuals to appropriate organisations for assistance
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at individuals, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 2421/05
Source: “Refer individuals to appropriate organisations for assistance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Matching a client to the right outside body is well-documented lookup work, though the accountant still confirms the choice fits.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reviewing balance sheets, operating income and expense accounts and loan documentation to confirm institution assets and liabilities
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at balance sheets, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 2421/05
Source: “Review balance sheets, operating income and expense accounts, and loan documentation to confirm institution assets and liabilities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Reviewing balance sheets and loan files against the records is document checking that software is now good at.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reviewing audit reports of internal and external auditors to monitor adequacy of scope of reports or to identify specific weaknesses in internal routines
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at audit reports of internal and external auditors, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 50 · 2421/05
Source: “Review audit reports of internal and external auditors to monitor adequacy of scope of reports or to identify specific weaknesses in internal routines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Reading auditors' reports for gaps in scope or weak internal routines is structured document review, with a qualified person confirming.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assessing the scope of investigation needed to ensure financial compliance and accuracy
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the scope of investigation, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Assess the scope of investigation needed to ensure financial compliance and accuracy.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Deciding how far an investigation needs to go is a judgement call about risk that tools can inform but not settle.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Differentiating between types of evidence and recognising their significance
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at types of evidence, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Differentiate between types of evidence and recognise their significance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Telling evidence types apart and weighing them draws on documented rules, though applying them to a live case takes experience.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Understanding the wider economic and legal implications of a case
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the wider economic, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Understand the wider economic and legal implications of a case.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Grasping what a case means economically and legally needs joined-up judgement rather than the retrieval of documented facts.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Establishing the scope of investigation to verify fund integrity and performance
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the scope of investigation, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/04
Source: “Establish the scope of investigation to verify fund integrity and performance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Setting the scope of a fund investigation is a judgement about where the risk lies that a person owns.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Undertaking risk assessments and documenting findings in accordance with company procedures
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at risk assessments, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Undertake risk assessments and document findings in accordance with company procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 49 out of 100 (42–56 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Risk assessments follow set templates and wording, though someone usually has to look at the work or site first.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Controlling expenditure to maintain financial stability
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at expenditure, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Control expenditure to maintain financial stability.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 49 out of 100 (42–56 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping spending under control means making and defending real decisions, not just producing the figures behind them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting all transactions with awareness of fraud
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at all transactions, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Conduct all transactions with awareness of fraud including taking a defensive approach towards cybercrime.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 49 out of 100 (42–56 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Staying alert to fraud and cybercrime while working is a habit of care built into how a person does the job.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Setting budgets in alignment with financial objectives
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at budgets, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 2421/04
Source: “Set budgets in alignment with financial objectives.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 49 out of 100 (42–56 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Setting budgets means committing an organisation to choices, which is a decision people make rather than a document to produce.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing a budget to provide the most suitable advice
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at a budget, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 50 · 2421/05
Source: “Develop a budget to provide the most suitable advice.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 48 out of 100 (41–55 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Building a budget from a customer's income and outgoings follows a set method, though the adviser owns the advice that follows.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Interpreting and communicating financial data to non-financial managers
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at financial data, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Interpret and communicate financial data to non-financial managers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 46 out of 100 (39–53 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Plain-English explanations of financial data are easy to generate; the back-and-forth with managers still needs the accountant.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assessing the strength of evidence gathered in relation to their investigation
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the strength of evidence, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Assess the strength of evidence gathered in relation to their investigation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 44 out of 100 (37–51 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Judging how strong the evidence is takes investigator experience of what stands up, which is hard to draw from documents.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting risk assessments and developing strategies
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at risk assessments, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Conduct risk assessments and develop strategies to manage, mitigate, and transfer risks.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Risk frameworks are well documented so drafts come easily, but choices about what to accept or insure need the accountant's judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Identifying issues and concerns and recommending actions for resolution
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at issues, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Identify issues and concerns, and recommend actions for resolution.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (31–55 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Spotting concerns and proposing fixes can be drafted, but what actually resolves them depends on knowing the organisation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Reviewing whether the organisation's objectives are reflected in its management activities
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at whether the organisation's objectives, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/01, 2421/02, 2421/04
Source: “Review whether the organisation's objectives are reflected in its management activities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (31–55 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Judging whether managers are actually working to the organisation's objectives depends on inside knowledge that rarely sits in documents.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing and managing financial management systems and policies
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at financial management systems, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Develop and manage financial management systems and policies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Developing and running financial management systems and policies takes decisions about how the organisation works, so drafts need real reshaping.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Managing finances and controlling budgets to ensure accurate financial reporting and compliance
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at finances, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Manage finances and control budgets to ensure accurate financial reporting and compliance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Budget control involves ongoing decisions and pushback with budget holders, though the reporting behind it is easily produced.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing strategic recommendations for large-scale projects
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at strategic recommendations, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Develop strategic recommendations for large-scale projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Strategic recommendations for big projects need context and commercial judgement that rarely sits in documents a tool can read.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Formulating strategic and long-term business plans
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at strategic, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Formulate strategic and long-term business plans.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Plan drafts come easily from standard frameworks, but the choices depend on inside knowledge of the business and its owners' intentions.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Implementing corporate governance procedures
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at corporate governance procedures, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Implement corporate governance procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Corporate governance procedures are well documented, but putting them in place across an organisation depends on people following them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Implementing risk management procedures
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at risk management procedures, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Implement risk management procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Written procedures and controls can be drafted from standard frameworks, but embedding them across a business needs people to follow through.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Managing budgets to ensure efficient use of resources
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at budgets, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Manage budgets to ensure efficient use of resources.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Budget monitoring is automated, but deciding where money should be redirected involves negotiating with the people spending it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Supporting the planning and implementation of policy objectives to ensure the effective financial management of public funds
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the planning and implementation of policy objectives, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Support the planning and implementation of policy objectives to ensure the effective financial management of public funds.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Helping plan and deliver policy for public money involves negotiation and organisational judgement beyond producing the paperwork.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting in-depth investigations of suspicious financial activity
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at in-depth investigations of suspicious financial activity, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 2421/03
Source: “Conduct in-depth investigations of suspicious financial activity, such as suspected money-laundering efforts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Transaction analysis is well suited to software, but decisions about suspected money laundering rest with the firm's nominated officer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Understanding and applying Regulation of Investigation Powers Act 2000, RIPA) standards as appropriate to their work
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at regulation of investigation powers act 2000, ripa) standards, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Understand and apply Regulation of Investigation Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) standards as appropriate to their work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: The surveillance rules are published, but applying them to real work is a judgement someone must answer for.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Collaborating with finance professionals to manage budgets
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at finance professionals, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Collaborate with finance professionals to manage budgets.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Working with other finance staff on budgets is a back-and-forth between colleagues, even though the numbers are easy to produce.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Consulting on accounting or data processing system design
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at accounting, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 2421/04
Source: “Consult on accounting or data processing system design.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Consulting on system design is an ongoing conversation with the people who will use it, though the technical drafting is easy.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Providing an accurate financial statement and reflective suitability statement
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at an accurate financial statement, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 2421/05
Source: “Provide an accurate financial statement and reflective suitability statement.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Financial and suitability statements follow set formats, but a trained adviser must own the suitability judgement for the customer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assess if other organisations can assist the customer through guidance or support
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for if other organisations can assist the customer, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 60 · 2421/05
Source: “Assess if other organisations can assist the customer through guidance or support.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 39 out of 100 (32–46 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Signposting customers to other help draws on documented services, but the conversation and the referral rest with the adviser.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Determining points to prove in pursuing an investigation
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for points, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Determine points to prove in pursuing an investigation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Working out what has to be proved is a legal judgement call about a specific case that an investigator answers for.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Deciding how best to address them
staying human
The ratings behind this row put how best well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 2421/01
Source: “Decide how best to address them.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 37 out of 100 (25–49 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Deciding the best way to tackle an issue is a judgement call shaped by what the organisation will accept.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Addressing financial irregularities as they arise
staying human
The ratings behind this row put financial irregularities well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Address financial irregularities as they arise.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 37 out of 100 (30–44 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Spotting an irregularity can be automated, but sorting it out depends on knowing the business and who to press.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Implementing computer information management systems to enhance financial reporting
staying human
The ratings behind this row put computer information management systems well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Implement computer information management systems to enhance financial reporting.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 37 out of 100 (30–44 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Putting in a finance information system involves configuration, testing and getting people to use it, not just a plan on paper.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Ensuring legality of transactions and operations or financial solvency
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for legality of transactions, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 90 · 2421/05
Source: “Ensure legality of transactions and operations or financial solvency.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 36 out of 100 (29–43 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Confirming transactions are lawful and the business solvent is a formal judgement the law expects a licensed person to make.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Implementing relevant regulations
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for relevant regulations, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2421/05
Source: “Implement relevant regulations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 36 out of 100 (24–48 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Applying insolvency regulation in practice is work the law expects a licensed practitioner to carry out.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reviewing applications for mergers, acquisitions and other financial activities to assess public interest value and regulatory compliance
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for applications, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 60 · 2421/05
Source: “Review applications for mergers, acquisitions, and other financial activities to assess public interest value and regulatory compliance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 36 out of 100 (29–43 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Reviewing mergers and acquisitions for public interest and compliance is a regulatory decision an authorised person makes.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Liaising with clients, individuals or businesses) or non-financial members of staff, providing financial information and advice
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles clients and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Liaise with clients (individuals or businesses) or non-financial members of staff, providing financial information and advice.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Explaining financial information to clients and non-finance colleagues works through conversation, though the underlying material is easy to prepare.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Providing a support service by working with all departments and the management team to help make financial decisions
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles a support service and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Provide a support service by working with all departments and the management team to help make financial decisions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Acting as the finance sounding board across departments depends on being available and trusted by the people asking.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Managing the credit control function to maintain receivables and cash flow
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles the credit control function and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Manage the credit control function to maintain receivables and cash flow.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Chasing letters and ageing reports are automated already, but getting slow payers to pay often takes a phone call from a person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assessing the environmental impact of business operations to comply with regulations
staying human
The ratings behind this row put the environmental impact of business operations well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 2421/01
Source: “Assess the environmental impact of business operations to comply with regulations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 33 out of 100 (26–40 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Assessing environmental impact against regulations mixes desk research with looking at how operations actually run.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Supporting internal audits to ensure regulatory compliance
staying human
The ratings behind this row put internal audits well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Support internal audits to ensure regulatory compliance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 32 out of 100 (25–39 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Supporting internal audits mixes document work with chasing colleagues for evidence and explanations.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Advising clients on strategies to improve business performance
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles clients and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Advise clients on strategies to improve business performance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 31 out of 100 (24–38 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Advising clients on improving their business rests on knowing their situation and being trusted, though the analysis can be drafted.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Informing key strategic decisions
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles key strategic decisions and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Inform key strategic decisions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 31 out of 100 (24–38 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Analysis and options can be prepared automatically, but influencing what leaders actually decide depends on the accountant's standing.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Instructing audit staff in accounting procedures
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles audit staff and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/01
Source: “Instruct audit staff in accounting procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Accounting procedures are well documented, but instructing junior staff works through explanation, questions and correction in person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Liaising with internal and external auditors during audits
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for internal and external auditors during audits, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2421/02
Source: “Liaise with internal and external auditors during audits.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Schedules and answers can be prepared automatically, but the back-and-forth with auditors is a professional conversation the accountant owns.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Providing tax planning advice to minimise liability and addressing tax issues in business acquisitions and mergers
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for tax planning advice, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Provide tax planning advice to minimise liability and address tax issues in business acquisitions and mergers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Tax planning around deals needs a qualified adviser standing behind the advice, though the research can be drafted.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Training staff in fraud detection and prevention techniques
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles staff and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Train staff in fraud detection and prevention techniques.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Fraud training content is easy to produce, but delivering it to staff and answering their questions needs a trainer present.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Providing tax advice for fund management
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for tax advice, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 70 · 2421/04
Source: “Provide tax advice for fund management.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Tax advice for fund management needs a qualified adviser answerable for it, though the research behind it is easily drafted.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Articulating risks related to creditor behaviour
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for risks, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2421/05
Source: “Articulate risks related to creditor behaviour, asset liquidation, and enforcement action.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Explaining risks around creditors, selling assets and enforcement is regulated advice given by a trained person to a worried customer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Managing a variety of stakeholders and their expectations through regular communications
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles a variety of stakeholders and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/01
Source: “Manage a variety of stakeholders and their expectations through regular communications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 28 out of 100 (21–35 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Keeping varied stakeholders on side runs on regular personal contact and reputation, even when the updates are drafted.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Investigating cases of fraud and theft
staying human
The ratings behind this row put cases of fraud well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 85 · 2421/03
Source: “Investigate cases of fraud and theft.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 28 out of 100 (21–35 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Investigating fraud and theft mixes desk analysis with visits, interviews and evidence handling that needs a person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Compiling evidence for legal investigations and court proceedings
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for evidence, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Compile evidence for legal investigations and court proceedings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 28 out of 100 (21–35 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Compiling evidence for court has to follow strict handling rules, and an investigator has to vouch for how it was gathered.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Utilising forensic evidence in investigations
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for forensic evidence, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Utilise forensic evidence in investigations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 28 out of 100 (21–35 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Using forensic evidence properly needs someone accountable for how it was obtained and what it shows.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting pre-implementation audits to determine if systems and programmes under development will work
staying human
The ratings behind this row put pre-implementation audits well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 60 · 2421/04
Source: “Conduct pre-implementation audits to determine if systems and programmes under development will work as planned.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 28 out of 100 (21–35 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Auditing systems still in development means working alongside the build team and seeing how it behaves.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Planning and carrying out bespoke audit procedures and tests
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for bespoke audit procedures, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Plan and carry out bespoke audit procedures and tests.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 27 out of 100 (20–34 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Designing and running bespoke audit tests needs professional judgement and often on-site work, so tools mainly assist.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Complying with the provisions for disclosure and giving of evidence
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for the provisions, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Comply with the provisions for disclosure and giving of evidence for court, tribunal and disciplinary proceedings as appropriate.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 27 out of 100 (20–34 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Disclosure rules are documented, but meeting them in a real case rests on the investigator's own account of what was done.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Anticipating emerging issues through research and interviews
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles issues and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2421/01
Source: “Anticipate emerging issues through research and interviews.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 26 out of 100 (19–33 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Research can be automated, but the interviews that reveal what is coming next need a person asking in the room.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Coordinating inspections and compliance activities with inspectorates and regulatory bodies
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles inspections and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Coordinate inspections and compliance activities with inspectorates and regulatory bodies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 23 out of 100 (16–30 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Coordinating inspections with regulators means arranging visits and dealing with officials, which needs a named person on both sides.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Guiding clients on business transactions
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for clients, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Guide clients on business transactions, including mergers and acquisitions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 21 out of 100 (14–28 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Analysis and documents draft well, but clients take deal advice from an accountant they trust, and corporate finance work needs authorisation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Offering tailored financial advice to clients based on their individual financial situations
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for tailored financial advice, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Offer tailored financial advice to clients based on their individual financial situations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 21 out of 100 (14–28 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Options can be drafted quickly, but tailored money advice needs a qualified accountant the client trusts, and licensed cover for investments.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Investigating activities of institutions to enforce laws and regulations
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for activities of institutions, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 70 · 2421/05
Source: “Investigate activities of institutions to enforce laws and regulations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 20 out of 100 (13–27 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Investigating institutions to enforce the law involves formal powers and visits that only an authorised person can use.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Providing a recommendation by offering professional and compliant debt advice
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for a recommendation, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 70 · 2421/05
Source: “Provide a recommendation by offering professional and compliant debt advice.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 20 out of 100 (13–27 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Giving regulated debt advice is a personal recommendation a trained, authorised adviser must make with the customer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Providing support and guidance to management on how to handle new opportunities
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles support and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2421/01
Source: “Provide support and guidance to management on how to handle new opportunities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (11–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Guiding managers through new opportunities rests on an ongoing working relationship and reading the room.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Managing client expectations
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles client expectations and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 50 · 2421/05
Source: “Manage client expectations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (11–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Managing what clients expect is done through the relationship, not through anything that can be produced in advance.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Collaborating with the wider organization
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles the wider organization and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Collaborate with the wider organization, team, communities, and external partners to achieve business objectives.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 17 out of 100 (10–24 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Working with colleagues and outside partners depends on live give-and-take, so software can prepare material but cannot do the collaborating itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Engaging with stakeholders to gather requirements and feedback
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles stakeholders and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Engage with stakeholders to gather requirements and feedback.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 17 out of 100 (10–24 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Drawing requirements and feedback out of stakeholders depends on conversations where people say what they actually want.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Participating in planning and briefing meetings to align team objectives
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles planning and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Participate in planning and briefing meetings to align team objectives.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 17 out of 100 (10–24 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Taking part in planning and briefing meetings means being in the discussion while the team lines up its aims.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Assigning and reviewing the work of subordinates
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for the work of subordinates, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 50 · 2421/05
Source: “Assign and review the work of subordinates.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 17 out of 100 (10–24 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Allocating jobs can be automated, but signing off a colleague's work is a professional review a qualified accountant must carry out.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Managing the day-to-day operations of the accounting and finance team
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles the day-to-day operations and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2421/02
Source: “Manage the day-to-day operations of the accounting and finance team.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Scheduling and reporting can be automated, but running a team day to day is about handling the people in it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Negotiating loan items and external loans for financial transactions
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles loan items and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 60 · 2421/02
Source: “Negotiate loan items and external loans for financial transactions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Negotiating loan terms is a bargaining conversation where who is asking, and the relationship, shapes the outcome.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting investigations according to relevant standards
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for investigations, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Conduct investigations according to relevant standards, considering risks in concurrent investigations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Running investigations to standard, while juggling risks across cases, rests on investigator judgement that has to be accountable.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Negotiating with responsible parties for recovery of losses due to fraud
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles responsible parties and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Negotiate with responsible parties for recovery of losses due to fraud.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Negotiating money back from those responsible is a bargaining conversation shaped by pressure and relationships.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Liaising with external agencies like the police for necessary collaboration
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles external agencies like the police and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2421/03
Source: “Liaise with external agencies like the police for necessary collaboration.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 15 out of 100 (8–22 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Working with the police relies on established contacts and person-to-person coordination between agencies.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Obtaining documents and information from various sites
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: documents, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2421/01
Source: “Obtain documents and information from various sites.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Collecting documents and information from different sites involves going and getting them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Agreeing on operational improvement recommendations with staff
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles operational improvement recommendations and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 2421/01
Source: “Agree on operational improvement recommendations with staff.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (9–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Getting staff to agree to changes happens in conversation, and the agreement depends on the person asking.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Managing and training staff at a senior level
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles staff and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Manage and train staff at a senior level.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Managing and developing senior staff runs on personal working relationships rather than anything a tool can produce.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Supervising and supporting junior colleagues in their daily tasks
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles junior colleagues and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/02
Source: “Supervise and support junior colleagues in their daily tasks.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (9–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Supporting junior colleagues day to day depends on being someone they can turn to.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Negotiating with HM Revenue & Customs
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for HM revenue & customs, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 60 · 2421/04
Source: “Negotiate with HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) to resolve client tax issues.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Negotiating with the tax authority on a client's behalf is a bargaining relationship carried by a named adviser.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Discussing the conclusion and recommendations from the audit with clients
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles the conclusion and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 80 · 2421/01
Source: “Discuss the conclusion and recommendations from the audit with clients.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 12 out of 100 (8–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Talking a client through audit conclusions depends on a live conversation and the trust behind it, not on a produced document.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Conducting field work to investigate financial records for legal cases
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: field work, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2421/03
Source: “Conduct field work to investigate financial records for legal cases.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 12 out of 100 (5–19 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Field work for legal cases means going to where the records and people are, and collecting things properly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Consistentlying gather evidence to required standards
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: gather evidence, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Consistently gather evidence to required standards, applying and adhering to continuity of evidence rules at all times.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 12 out of 100 (5–19 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Keeping an unbroken chain of evidence means physically handling and signing for material at each step.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Leading fraud investigation teams to examine and resolve fraudulent activities
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles fraud investigation teams and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Lead fraud investigation teams to examine and resolve fraudulent activities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 12 out of 100 (8–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Leading an investigation team is about directing and supporting people, which needs someone they report to.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Preparing victim and/or witness strategies by assessing their needs and providing support
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles victim and/or witness strategies and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Prepare victim and/or witness strategies by assessing their needs and providing support.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 12 out of 100 (8–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Supporting victims and witnesses depends on a person they can trust while a case goes on.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Directing formal and informal meetings with stakeholders to gather information
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles formal and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 60 · 2421/05
Source: “Direct formal and informal meetings with stakeholders to gather information.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 12 out of 100 (5–19 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Running meetings with stakeholders to get information depends on being there and reading how people respond.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Delivering courses and training sessions
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: courses, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 2421/01
Source: “Deliver courses and training sessions as needed.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 11 out of 100 (4–18 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Course content is easy to prepare, but delivering training sessions means standing in front of a group and responding to them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Understanding investigations and the possible requirement to represent the department as a witness
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for investigations, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Understand investigations, and the possible requirement to represent the department as a witness.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 11 out of 100 (4–18 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Being ready to appear as a departmental witness rests on a named person who can be called to account.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Identifying vulnerabilities' impact and providing extra support to safeguard customer interests
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for vulnerabilities' impact, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 50 · 2421/05
Source: “Identify vulnerabilities' impact and provide extra support to safeguard customer interests.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 11 out of 100 (7–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Spotting vulnerability and giving extra protection depends on a trained person noticing and responding to the customer in front of them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Using the PEACE framework for planning and conducting interviews
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the PEACE framework, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Use the PEACE framework for planning and conducting interviews.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: The interview framework is well documented, but conducting the interview happens live with a real person in the room.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Meeting with auditees to gain insights into their business processes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: auditees, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2421/01
Source: “Meet with auditees to gain insights into their business processes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (2–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Understanding how a business really works comes from meeting the people who run it, not from documents alone.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Conducting audits on-site, by correspondence or by summoning taxpayer to office
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: audits, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 2421/04
Source: “Conduct audits on-site, by correspondence, or by summoning taxpayer to office.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (2–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Audits done on site or by calling a taxpayer in are built around meeting the person and pressing on the answers.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Examining stock to confirm accuracy of journal and ledger entries
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: stock, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2421/01, 2421/04
Source: “Examine stock to confirm accuracy of journal and ledger entries.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking actual stock against the ledger means being where the stock is and counting it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Meeting relevant staff at different sites to conduct audits
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: relevant staff, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2421/01
Source: “Meet relevant staff at different sites to conduct audits.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Auditing by meeting staff across different sites is built around being there and talking to people.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Validating customers' identity and assessing their mental capacity to make informed decisions at every touch point
staying human
The rules require a named, qualified person to answer for customers' identity, and that person cannot be a piece of software.
importance 50 · 2421/05
Source: “Validate customers' identity and assess their mental capacity to make informed decisions at every touch point.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Confirming who someone is and whether they can make a decision has to be judged by a trained person at each contact.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Interviewing staff to gather evidence
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: staff, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2421/01
Source: “Interview staff to gather evidence.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Gathering evidence from staff depends on a live interview where people decide how much to say.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Interviewing workers to verify compliance with laws and regulations
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workers, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2421/01
Source: “Interview workers to verify compliance with laws and regulations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Checking compliance by interviewing workers depends on a live conversation where people choose what to tell you.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Conducting interviews to collect financial information for forensic analysis
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: interviews, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Conduct interviews to collect financial information for forensic analysis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Getting financial information out of people in an interview depends on a live conversation and how it is handled.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Conducting interviews to obtain financial information for forensic analysis
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: interviews, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 2421/03
Source: “Conduct interviews to obtain financial information for forensic analysis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (2–10 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Interviewing people for financial detail turns on the exchange in the room, not on any prepared document.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Attending meetings to discuss audit processes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: meetings, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2421/01
Source: “Attend meetings to discuss audit processes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 5 out of 100 (1–9 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Attending a meeting to discuss audit work means being present in the discussion as it happens.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Monitoring stock takes and adhering to established business procedures
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: stock takes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2421/01
Source: “Monitor stock takes and adhere to established business procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 3 out of 100 (0–7 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Monitoring a stock take means being present while the counting happens.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Securing backing for these recommendations in meetings
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles these recommendations and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 2421/01
Source: “Secure backing for these recommendations in meetings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 3 out of 100 (0–7 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Winning support for recommendations happens live in meetings, and depends on who is making the case.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Visiting client sites and talk to different levels of management to understand the business and their needs
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: client sites, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 2421/01
Source: “Visit client sites and talk to different levels of management to understand the business and their needs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 1 out of 100 (0–5 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: The point of the visit is being on the client's premises and talking to their managers in person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Acting as an expert witness during legal proceedings
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: an expert witness during legal proceedings, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2421/03
Source: “Act as an expert witness during legal proceedings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 1 out of 100 (0–5 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Expert evidence is given under oath by a named person, and only that person can give it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 4/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Giving evidence in court concerning investigation findings
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: evidence, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2421/03
Source: “Give evidence in court concerning investigation findings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 1 out of 100 (0–5 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Evidence about an investigation is given in person under oath, and no document can stand in for the witness.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 4/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Giving evidence in court
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: evidence, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 2421/03
Source: “Give evidence in court.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 1 out of 100 (0–5 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Giving evidence in court is done in person under oath by the individual who did the work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 4/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Interviewing suspects to take their statements
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: suspects, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Interview suspects to take their statements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 1 out of 100 (0–5 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Interviewing a suspect and taking their statement is done face to face under strict legal rules.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Utilising soft skills to gather evidence during interviews
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: soft skills, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Utilise soft skills to gather evidence during interviews.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 1 out of 100 (0–5 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Using rapport and reading people to draw out evidence is the human part of an interview, and cannot be handed over.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 4/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Carrying out searches of premises
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: searches of premises, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 2421/03
Source: “Carry out searches of premises, individuals, and business records adhering to policy.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Searching premises, people and business records is a hands-on act carried out in person under legal powers.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 3/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 1/4.

What this job pays, and how many people do it

Median pay: £50,100a year, before tax, the middle of the range, so half earn more and half earn less.ashe-t14, 2025 · ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
How we know this
Source: ashe-t14
Reference period: ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)
Rounding: Shown to the nearest £100. The exact published figure is in the downloadable dataset. We do not render pounds the survey cannot support.
People doing this job: 233,600in the UK, 2026.nomis-aps · Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period)This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.

What is deliberately not here: a forecast of how many of these jobs exist in ten years. Where an official projection exists for a market we publish it with its vintage; where it does not, we leave the space empty rather than borrow the other country’s number.

Why this is shifting

The reason is boringly specific. Most of what is shifting here is reading one thing and writing another: annual reports in, a record out. The rows above are exactly that shape: performing tests to check financial information and systems and collecting and analysing data to identify issues like deficient controls. What it cannot do is be trusted in person, which is what personnel runs on: someone specific doing it and standing behind it. Which is why this page talks about your tasks changing, not your job ending.

Your move

Over a pint: what I’d tell you if you were my friend

Your week is splitting in two, and which half fills it is the whole question. Performing tests to check financial information and systems is going; supervising personnel in maintaining accurate financial records is not.

So, given all that: 32% of this job's task weight sits in rows the software is already learning, 31% in rows that change shape rather than disappear, and 37% in rows it is nowhere near. That is the position, measured across 198 scored tasks. It is not a forecast about you.

The occupation is an average and you are not, so the first job below is finding out where your own week actually sits.

This week: one thing

Print the task ledger above and put your own hours next to each row. Roughly, in pen, in one sitting. Then look at which group your hours actually pile up in. Twenty minutes, this week.

What you end up holding: your own week, on one page, sorted into what is shifting and what is not
How long it takes: about twenty minutes

If printing it isn’t practical: Read the rows off this page and write the same list on the back of an envelope. Same twenty minutes, same page, and it works just as well said out loud to someone who knows the job. The point is your hours next to the rows, not the paper it is on.

Over the next 90 days

Volunteer toward the durable end, visibly. Over the next ninety days put your hand up for the work in the bottom group (supervising personnel in maintaining accurate financial records) and let people see you doing it. Not a new project: the same job, with your mix deliberately tilted. The point is that when the rota or the reorganisation comes, the version of you people picture is the one doing the part that stays.

Over the next 12 months

Claim a specialism at the durable end and let the other end go. Over a year, deliberately become the person who handles supervising personnel in maintaining accurate financial records, and deliberately stop being the first choice for the rows in the top group. That trade costs something, because the exposed work is often the comfortable work. Decide it on purpose rather than by drift. Before you pay for anything, spend an hour with National Careers Service. It is free and government-funded, and it is listed below with the rest of the free routes.

The roads out of here, and why I am not sending you down them

I looked at the obvious moves out of this job, and here is what I found.

I checked the 12 nearest UK occupations to chartered and certified accountants (nearest by the work that AI is not taking, not by job title), and none of them survived. The closest was taxation experts: only about 4% of its durable work is work you already do and there are far fewer of those jobs than of yours. Your own job splits about 32/68: that share of the list sits in the top exposure band and the rest does not. On this evidence the honest move is inside the job rather than out of it. Become the person who owns “ensure legality of transactions and operations or financial solvency”, and let the exposed end go.

How that was checked: this job was compared against all 412 UK occupations in this release on their official task statements, and the 12 nearest were examined one by one. A move that turns on an industry, an employer or a qualification rather than on the work itself will not show up in a check like that. And this release carries no licence register, so anything you are weighing needs that looked up separately.

3 moves I checked and rejected

These are the obvious-looking jumps. They are here with their reasons rather than quietly dropped, because the ones that fail are worth knowing about. It is one less thing to turn over at night.

Taxation experts
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “investigate cases of fraud and theft”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 4% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 4% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. And it is a narrow door: about 44,700 of those jobs against 233,600 of yours (ONS via Nomis), 19% as many seats.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Protective service associate professionals n.e.c.
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “give evidence in court concerning investigation findings”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 4% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 4% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. It is a pay cut, in those words: £44,007 against your £50,062, 12.1% less (ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional (both)). Retraining to earn less is a decision, not advice.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Business and financial project management professionals
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “conduct risk assessments and develop strategies to manage, mitigate, and transfer risks”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 2% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 2% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →

What I’d stop worrying about

A friend tells you what not to spend fear on. This is that list.

The headline number you read somewhere
The big “X% of jobs” figures are about the whole economy, not about you. The number that describes your job is on this page: 32% of its task weight, across 198 scored tasks. Every row behind it is printed above with the source. Check ours; ignore theirs.
The whole-job doom story
Nothing on this page says this job ends. It says the mix inside it moves. Half the rows above are unchanged or changing shape, and the plan is about which half your week sits in. That is a very different problem, and a solvable one.
Panic-buying a course
Do the twenty-minute sorting exercise first. Most people who buy a course before they have done it buy the wrong one, and the free services listed below will tell you the same thing without charging for it.
The “obvious” next job everyone suggests
I checked the obvious moves and most of them did not survive. The reasons are printed with the routes above, including the pay and the gate. A move that fails on the numbers is worth knowing about so you can stop turning it over at night.

You are reading the United Kingdom figures

The United States splits this work across more than one official group, of which Accountants and Auditors is the closest. The pay and employment figures are not directly comparable, and we do not average them together.

Switch to the United States page →partial match

The other groups this work is counted across:

In US official statistics this job is counted as Accountants and Auditors, Budget Analysts, Financial Examiners, Tax Preparers and Financial Specialists, All Other. Pay is shown separately for each of those groups (medians cannot be averaged together), while the task list and the scores on this page are for this group only.

Your route through this

Two honest options, and no deadline on either

Free, and complete

The moves above cost nothing. These are the real services that go with them: public, government-funded, and free at the point of use. Nothing on this page is behind an email address or a payment.

In England:
National Careers Service
A free hour with a government-funded careers adviser is worth more than another evening of reading. In England that's the National Careers Service.
Free, government-funded
- Discover your skills and careers (the skills assessment)
In England:
National Careers Service - Find a course
Search what's actually running near you before you spend anything.
Free to search; individual courses vary
In England:
Free courses for jobs (Level 3 qualifications)
A free Level 3 qualification you already qualify for beats a paid course you don't need.
Free for eligible adults
In England:
Skills Bootcamps
Free, up to 16 weeks, and you get a job interview at the end. In England these are Skills Bootcamps - search what's running near you.
Free for eligible adults in England
- Skills Bootcamps - what they are and who can do them (DfE, Skills for Careers)
- Skills Bootcamps - JobHelp (DWP)
In Scotland:
My World of Work (Skills Development Scotland)
In Scotland it's My World of Work, from Skills Development Scotland.
Free, publicly funded
- Skills Development Scotland
In Wales:
Careers Wales
In Wales it's Careers Wales.
Free, Welsh Government-funded
In Northern Ireland:
Careers Service Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland it's the Careers Service on nidirect.
Free, Department for the Economy-funded

A nearby route

There's no Space built for chartered and certified accountants yet.

Collab365 Spaces is built by the same people as this site. We find the problems that AI and automation are creating inside one kind of work, then solve them as short courses, briefings and Blueprints. Each Space is the community too, so the research and the people doing your job are in the same place.

What a Space actually is, in full

The closest match is Microsoft 365 Report Builders, a community for people who build business reports in Excel, Power Query and Power BI without a data team behind them. It overlaps with the part of your job that is growing: the reporting and analysis end - the pack, the checks, the numbers people question - rather than transaction processing. It covers no accounting standard, no tax, no qualification. If that overlap isn't you, the free route below covers the same ground.

Try Microsoft 365 Report Builders free →

7 days free, no card needed. Explore up to 2 Spaces before you choose a plan: you pick a plan later, not now.

After the trial it is a paid community, and you get identical data either way. If the overlap above is not your job, the moves above cost nothing and stand on their own.

Noted, and thank you. We’ll email you if a Space for chartered and certified accountants launches. Nothing else.

That did not look like an email address, so nothing was saved. Have another go below.

We could not save that. The fault is ours, not yours, and your address was not stored. Please try again later.

No deadline on any of this. The page will still be here, and the data is refreshed on a published schedule rather than when someone wants a headline.

Questions people ask about this job

Will AI replace Chartered and certified accountants?: Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 198 official task statements scored for Chartered and certified accountants (United Kingdom, SOC 2421), 32% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 46 out of 100 (range 40–52, band: partial). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.
Which tasks in “Chartered and certified accountants” can AI already do?: The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Send audit reports to appropriate departments for financial review” (93/100, very high); “Prepare tables of financial accounts for auditing purposes” (88/100, very high); “Compile profit and loss accounts and budgets” (88/100, very high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.
Which tasks in “Chartered and certified accountants” stay human?: About 37% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Carry out searches of premises, individuals, and business records adhering to policy” (0/100, minimal); “Utilise soft skills to gather evidence during interviews” (1/100, minimal); “Interview suspects to take their statements” (1/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.
What should someone working in “Chartered and certified accountants” do about AI?: Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 32% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 37% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.
How is the AI exposure score for Chartered and certified accountants calculated?: Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 198 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

Where these numbers come from

About the data on this page

Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.
4 rows are marked low confidence, so treat them as a ballpark rather than a fine measurement.
The match between this job and its counterpart in the other country is partial, so the two pages count slightly different groups of people.
2 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Task statements: gaisi-indexProcessing: catalogue-bridge → ssc-relatedness-weighting → task-scoring → score-aggregation
Task weights: gaisi-index (relatedness)
Scores: Rubric task_scoring_v1.0, model claude-opus-5, computed 2026-08-05.
Pay and employment: ashe-t14 (ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025))nomis-aps (Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period))

Figures on this page come from release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Every release keeps its own permanent address, so a figure you cite in March is still there, unchanged, in November.

The plain-English wording on this page is assembled directly from the task statements and the published ratings, not written by hand for this occupation. That is why it is specific, and it is also why we say so.

The routes and free resources further up are today’s, not the release’s (last reviewed 2026-08-05). A route is an offer, not a historical fact, so it moves on its own clock.

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Everything on this site is published under CC BY 4.0. Quote it, chart it, sell something built on it. Just say where it came from, and cite the dated release rather than the site, so the figure you quote stays checkable.

Plain text

Collab365 (2026). Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1 (methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0). https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Built with O*NET data (USDOL/ETA, CC BY 4.0); ONS data (Open Government Licence v3.0); GAISI task framework (arXiv:2507.22748, MIT); BLS data (public domain).

BibTeX

@misc{collab365futureproof2026q41,
  title        = {Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1},
  author       = {{Collab365}},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1},
  note         = {Release 2026-q4.1, methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0, CC BY 4.0}
}

Permalink

https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1

Data as of release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Releases never change after publication; when the figures move, a new dated release is published beside this one and this one stays exactly where it is.