Will AI replace Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers?

Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 146 official task statements scored for Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers (United Kingdom, SOC 5441), 8% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 17 out of 100 (range 14–22, band: minimal). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.

What should someone working in “Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers” do about AI?

Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 8% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 83% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.

How is the AI exposure score for Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers calculated?

Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 146 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

UK dataswitch to US

Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers

blowing glass using a blowing iron, assessing and managing the safe use and storage of specialist materials and equipment in line with health & safety policies, creating templates as needed for studio and on-site work and managing the performance of the production process. If that's your week, this page is about your job.

The honest answer

AI changes the edges of this job, not the middle: operating electric kilns that heat and mould glass sheets to the shape and curve of metal jigs is work software can't reach.

Your move: what you can actually do about this ↓

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 8%
changing shape: 9%
staying human: 83%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

Whole-job exposure score 17 out of 100 (14–22 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, across 146 scored tasks. The number is the support for the sentence above it, not a headline about anyone’s future.

How we know this

What is measured: Every published task statement for glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers is rated on five dimensions: can a model produce the output, does the work need a body in a room, does it need a legally accountable person, does it depend on a person being trusted in the moment, and how much data exists. A published formula turns those five ratings into the score; the model never writes the number.

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

What shifts is determining types and quantities of glass required to manufacture products: the paper around the work, not the work.

Your week, as this page understands it

Glass and ceramics workers, form, shape, decorate, smooth and polish glassware, earthenware, refractory goods, clay bricks and other ceramic goods. The job title says “glass”, “ceramics makers”, “decorators” or “finishers”: officially one job, several names. The real job is the part underneath: operating electric kilns that heat and mould glass sheets to the shape and curve of metal jigs. That is the thing someone has to be right about.

The exposed part of this job is specific, and we won’t pretend it is coming back. But glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers is not one task. It is 146 scored ones, and they are nowhere near equally exposed. The most durable of them, on this evidence, is operating electric kilns that heat and mould glass sheets to the shape and curve of metal jigs, and the ledger below shows exactly why.

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 8%
changing shape: 9%
staying human: 83%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

How we know this

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

Your job, task by task

These are the official task statements for this occupation, in plain English, sorted by what the evidence says is happening to each one. The official wording sits under every line so you can check the rewrite against it.

Shifting to AI

14 tasks

Tasks today’s tools can already do most of. This is the part we will not soften: where these rows are the bulk of your week, the week changes.

Drawing in 2D to create sketches
This is reading one thing and writing another: 2D in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Draw in 2D to create sketches, artwork, or illustrations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 62 out of 100 (58–66 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Image tools now produce sketches and illustrations that are usable for many briefs with light editing.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Setting specifications of items
This is reading one thing and writing another: specifications of items in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Set specifications of items to be constructed or repaired.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing out what an item must be like is document work, though it is usually agreed with the person paying for it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Determining types and quantities of glass required to manufacture products
This is reading one thing and writing another: types in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Determine types and quantities of glass required to manufacture products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Working out glass types and quantities from drawings is a calculation software handles well, with checks for odd shapes.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Analysing market trends to compare products and assess competitor strategies
This is reading one thing and writing another: market trends in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5441/01
Source: “Analyse market trends to compare products and assess competitor strategies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (79–87 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Comparing products and competitor strategies uses widely available published information.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.

Changing shape

13 tasks

Tasks where the machine takes the producing and a person keeps the checking, the deciding, or the answering-for-it. For most jobs this is the biggest group, and it is where "transformation, not termination" is literally visible.

Developing artistic designs using specialised computer software for creative projects
The software now makes the first pass at artistic designs, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Develop artistic designs using specialised computer software for creative projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (54–62 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Design software is well documented and AI produces decent concepts, though final files need reworking.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing blueprint specifications from sketches of glass products using glass technology knowledge
The software now makes the first pass at blueprint specifications, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Develop blueprint specifications from sketches of glass products using glass technology knowledge.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (54–62 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning sketches into technical specifications is documented drafting work AI can start.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assessing and managing the safe use and storage of specialist materials and equipment in line with health & safety policies
The software now makes the first pass at the safe, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Assess and manage the safe use and storage of specialist materials and equipment in line with health & safety policies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Safety assessments and storage rules are standard documents AI drafts well, with site checks by a person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Staying human

119 tasks

Tasks that stay with a person, because they happen in the physical world, because the rules need someone accountable, or because the value is that a specific person does them.

Operating electric kilns that heat and mould glass sheets to the shape and curve of metal jigs
This work happens in the physical world: electric kilns, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02, 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Operate electric kilns that heat and mould glass sheets to the shape and curve of metal jigs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Kiln forming of glass sheets is machine work in the workshop.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Attending craft fairs to market products
This work happens in the physical world: craft fairs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/01, 5441/02, 5441/03
Source: “Attend craft fairs to market products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Selling at a craft fair means being on the stand talking to people who came to see the work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Inspecting assembled or finished products to ensure conformance
This work happens in the physical world: assembled, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02, 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Inspect assembled or finished products to ensure conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring finished products with precision instruments requires handling them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.

Show the other 136 tasks

Advertising services using internet advertising and brochures
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: services in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Advertise services using internet advertising and brochures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Producing online adverts and brochure copy is routine promotional writing and layout.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Carrying out business administrative tasks for self-employed operations
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: business administrative tasks in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 55 · 5441/03
Source: “Carry out business administrative tasks for self-employed operations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Invoicing, bookings and record-keeping are exactly the tasks accounting software already handles.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Conducting market research to assess competitors' products and the performance of existing product lines
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: market research in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5441/01
Source: “Conduct market research to assess competitors' products and the performance of existing product lines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (79–87 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Competitor and market research relies on published information software gathers and summarises well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Carrying out research on trends in design and lifestyle
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: research in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Carry out research on trends in design and lifestyle, including target market characteristics.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (79–87 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Trend and lifestyle research draws on huge amounts of published material, which software gathers and summarises very well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Researching and monitoring the worldwide glass market to ensure products
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: the worldwide glass market in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 50 · 5441/03
Source: “Research and monitor the worldwide glass market to ensure products are current, in demand and reasonably priced.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 83 out of 100 (79–87 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Tracking prices and demand across the world glass market is desk research with plenty of published data.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Creating technical or other drawings and plans for products
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: technical or other drawings and plans in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5441/01
Source: “Create technical or other drawings and plans for products as needed.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Producing technical drawings and plans for products is well documented drawing work that software now does to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Ensuring accurate costing of materials and adherence to production budget
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: accurate costing of materials in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Ensure accurate costing of materials and adherence to production budget.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Costing materials and tracking spend against a production budget is spreadsheet work that software handles reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Ordering materials to support pottery production
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: materials in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Order materials to support pottery production.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Ordering materials from known suppliers is routine paperwork that software handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Utilising technology to communicate, market and sell handmade items effectively
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: technology in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Utilise technology to communicate, market and sell handmade items effectively.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 70 out of 100 (66–74 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Online marketing and selling is well-trodden ground for AI writing and listing tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Promoting self-employed work to attract clients
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: self-employed work in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 5441/03
Source: “Promote self-employed work to attract clients.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Writing listings, posts and marketing copy to attract commission work is something software does well for a self-employed maker.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Developing product packaging, display and pricing strategies
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at product packaging, display and pricing strategies, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Develop product packaging, display, and pricing strategies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Packaging ideas and pricing plans are desk decisions that tools draft well, though setting up a display stand needs hands.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reading work orders to determine production specifications and information
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at work orders, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Read work orders to determine production specifications and information.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Pulling the specifications out of a work order is straightforward document reading that software handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Selecting materials suitable for a new collection within a designated budget
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at materials suitable, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Select materials suitable for a new collection within a designated budget.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Matching materials to a collection and a budget is mostly research and sums, with some sample handling.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Logging sizes of goods
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at sizes of goods, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 50 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Log sizes of goods produced.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (44–68 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Recording sizes is routine record keeping that software handles once measurements are taken.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Creating designs for mass production
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at designs, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 5441/01
Source: “Create designs for mass production.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (38–62 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Design tools produce workable concepts, though making them suit a real production line needs experience.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Selecting the best combination of materials for specific purposes
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the best combination of materials, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Select the best combination of materials for specific purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Published data on clays, glazes and glass helps, but the decisive knowledge is how these materials behave in this workshop's kiln.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Ensuring compliance with building, environmental and security regulations when fitting architectural glass
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at compliance, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 5441/04
Source: “Ensure compliance with building, environmental, and security regulations when fitting architectural glass.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 49 out of 100 (42–56 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Regulations are published and checklists draft well, though the fitted job is inspected in person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Overseeing production to ensure compliance with the brief
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at production, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Oversee production to ensure compliance with the brief.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 48 out of 100 (41–55 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Checking production against the brief is documented work, but overseeing it usually means being close to the job.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Interpreting and representing clients' ideas accurately in project designs
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at clients' ideas, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 5441/01
Source: “Interpret and represent clients' ideas accurately in project designs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (39–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning a client's rough idea into drawings is something design tools can draft for the designer to refine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Designing spaces for displaying pottery for sale
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at spaces, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Design spaces for displaying pottery for sale.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Display layouts can be drafted digitally, but the final arrangement is made in the space.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing clay forms and moulds for artistic creations
staying human
The ratings behind this row put clay forms well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 80 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Design clay forms and moulds for artistic creations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Design tools give usable starting shapes, though mould detail still needs a maker's eye.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Selecting appropriate decorative techniques and glazes for pottery
staying human
The ratings behind this row put appropriate decorative techniques well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 80 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Select appropriate decorative techniques and glazes for pottery.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Glaze knowledge is partly published, but the right choice depends on this studio's clay and kiln.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Designing glass objects
staying human
The ratings behind this row put glass objects well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 85 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Design glass objects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: AI can sketch glass concepts quickly, though making them workable in hot glass needs the maker.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing designs as required by each project
staying human
The ratings behind this row put designs well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 80 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Develop designs as required by each project.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Concept work can start from AI drafts, then the designer adapts them to the project.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Preparing all required work, research and documentation, accurate measurements within studio and on-site
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: all required work, research and documentation, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Prepare all required work, research, and documentation including accurate measurements within studio and on-site.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Reports and research write up easily, though accurate measuring happens in the studio and on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing decorative pieces, windows, mirrors and sculptures
staying human
The ratings behind this row put decorative pieces, windows, mirrors and sculptures well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 90 · 5441/03
Source: “Design decorative pieces such as windows, mirrors, and sculptures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 32 out of 100 (25–39 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Software can generate design ideas, but decorative glass depends on craft judgement and making the piece.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Participating in training courses related to new research and technologies
staying human
The ratings behind this row put training courses well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 50 · 5441/03
Source: “Participate in training courses related to new research and technologies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over.
The rating behind it: Course material can be summarised, but the point is the person gaining the skill.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing and preparing templates of wood
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: templates of wood, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Design and prepare templates of wood, paper, or metal.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Designing the template can be done on screen; cutting it from wood or metal cannot.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Controlling and suitably storing items
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: storing items, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Control and suitably store items, stock, and products to maintain their fitness for use.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Stock records are easy to computerise, but moving and storing the pieces safely is manual.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Demonstrating clear and careful communication using good people skills
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles clear and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 65 · 5441/03
Source: “Demonstrate clear and careful communication using good people skills, when giving and receiving instruction both within the project team and with suppliers, customers and clients such as architects and delegates from the Heritage sector.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 26 out of 100 (19–33 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Messages can be drafted by AI, but building confidence with architects and clients is personal.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Creating templates as needed for studio and on-site work
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: templates, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Create templates as needed for studio and on-site work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Template shapes can be drawn digitally, but making and checking them happens on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Assessing and considering the sentimental
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the sentimental, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5441/04
Source: “Assess and consider the sentimental, monetary, historic, and cultural value of artefacts in all work activities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Historic and market value can be researched, but judging a specific artefact means examining it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Managing the performance of the production process
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the performance of the production process, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Manage the performance of the production process.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Production data can be tracked automatically, though keeping the line running means being on the floor.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing new, one-off pieces or ranges of glass items
staying human
The ratings behind this row put new, one-off pieces or ranges of glass items well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 80 · 5441/03
Source: “Design new, one-off pieces or ranges of glass items.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the five ratings behind the score, with no single dominant reason.
The rating behind it: One-off original pieces come from a maker's own hand; software offers ideas at best.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Maintaining team safety through effective Health & Safety management
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: team safety, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Maintain team safety through effective Health & Safety management.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 24 out of 100 (17–31 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Safety paperwork and briefings can be drafted by software, but keeping a workshop team safe needs someone in the workshop.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Speaking with customers to assess customer needs or obtain feedback
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles customers and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Speak with customers to assess customer needs or obtain feedback.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 23 out of 100 (16–30 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Software can prepare the questions and tidy the notes, but drawing out what a customer really wants happens in live conversation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Regulating oven temperatures according to glass types
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: oven temperatures, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Regulate oven temperatures according to glass types to be processed.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 19 out of 100 (7–31 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Firing schedules are well documented and controllers automate them, but someone is at the oven.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Interpreting and executing the project according to the brief
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the project, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/01
Source: “Interpret and execute the project according to the brief.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Reading a brief can be helped by software, but delivering the piece is workshop work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Developing technologies to reduce waste in manufacturing
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: technologies, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Develop technologies to reduce waste in manufacturing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 16 out of 100 (9–23 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting manufacturing waste through new technology needs trials on real production lines, not just analysis.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Packing and shipping pottery to shops or galleries for retail sale
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pottery, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Pack and ship pottery to shops or galleries for retail sale.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Booking couriers is easy to automate, but wrapping fragile pottery is careful handwork.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Promoting and selling artists' work
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: artists' work, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Promote and sell artists' work, through both exhibitions and personal contacts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Selling art runs on personal contacts and seeing work in the room, though the marketing side can be drafted automatically.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting mounted or unmounted lenses for specification conformance using precision instruments
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: mounted, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5441/05
Source: “Inspect mounted or unmounted lenses for specification conformance using precision instruments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Instruments give the numbers, but a person mounts and handles each lens.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inspecting lens blanks to detect flaws
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: lens blanks, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/05
Source: “Inspect lens blanks to detect flaws, verify surface smoothness, and ensure appropriate coating thickness.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Flaw detection software helps, though the blanks still have to be handled and checked.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Checking the quality of finished ceramics
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the quality of finished ceramics, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5441/01
Source: “Check the quality of finished ceramics.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Software can flag obvious faults in photos, but judging a finished pot means handling it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting workpieces for defects to ensure ceramic quality
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/01
Source: “Inspect workpieces for defects to ensure ceramic quality.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Spotting defects means having the piece in your hands under good light.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Mixing different ingredients and additives to create glass compositions
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: different ingredients, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/03
Source: “Mix different ingredients and additives to create glass compositions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (1–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Recipes are partly published, but weighing and mixing batch materials happens in the workshop.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Dismantling or assembling glass panels and documenting their condition
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: glass panels, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Dismantle or assemble glass panels and document their condition, location, and layout for each project.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Condition notes draft easily, but taking panels apart is careful physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Building and maintaining a network of industry contacts to stay informed about technological changes
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles a network of industry contacts and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 50 · 5441/03
Source: “Build and maintain a network of industry contacts to stay informed about technological changes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (9–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: An industry contact network is personal, built up through meeting the same people repeatedly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Recycling glass waste, cullet) from larger producers
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: glass waste, cullet), in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 5441/03
Source: “Recycle glass waste (cullet) from larger producers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Arranging cullet collection is admin; sorting and moving the glass is physical.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Constructing prototypes or models for objects
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: prototypes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Construct prototypes or models for objects to be crafted.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (6–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making a prototype or model is workshop work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Selling goods directly to customers or stockists from a studio
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: goods, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5441/03
Source: “Sell goods directly to customers or stockists from a studio, shop, or gallery.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Selling in a shop or gallery means being there with the customer and the work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Weighing or measuring materials and products using scales or measuring instruments
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Weigh or measure materials and products using scales or measuring instruments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Weighing goods means handling them, even though the numbers themselves are simple to record.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inspecting equipment to detect surface defects
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Inspect equipment to detect surface defects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Spotting surface defects on equipment is done by looking at and touching it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Using technology to make handcrafted items considering social and cultural contexts
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: technology, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Use technology to make handcrafted items considering social and cultural contexts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (0–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Even with technology involved, a handcrafted item is still made by hand in a workshop.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Ensuring regular maintenance of tools and equipment for operational efficiency
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: regular maintenance of tools, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Ensure regular maintenance of tools and equipment for operational efficiency.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Looking after tools and equipment means handling and servicing them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting and verifying the operational status of equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the operational status of equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Inspect and verify the operational status of equipment, doors, and controls.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking that kiln doors, controls and equipment actually work means looking at and handling them, not reading about them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting out cartoons and taking rubbings
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: cartoons, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Set out cartoons and take rubbings, including transferring template shape and detail.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (0–18 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Full-size setting out and taking rubbings happens on the glass and the building.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Shaping lenses appropriately so that they can be fitted into frames
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: lenses, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/05
Source: “Shape lenses appropriately so that they can be fitted into frames.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 6 out of 100 (0–13 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: In a glass workshop this is grinding a lens to fit, a machine-shop job with no licence attached, unlike selling spectacles.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Applying finishes and coatings to ceramics for decorative purposes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: finishes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5441/01
Source: “Apply finishes and coatings to ceramics for decorative purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Glazes and coatings have to be applied by hand to a physical piece.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Applying finishes to ceramics for aesthetic enhancement
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: finishes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5441/01
Source: “Apply finishes to ceramics for aesthetic enhancement.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: The finish is put onto a real object by hand, so this stays with the maker.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Creating samples or prototypes for hand-made ceramic products
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: samples, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/01
Source: “Create samples or prototypes for hand-made ceramic products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making a ceramic sample or prototype is craft work with materials.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Modeling substances, clay or wax, using fingers and small hand tools to form objects
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: substances, clay or wax, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Model substances such as clay or wax, using fingers and small hand tools to form objects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Shaping clay or wax with fingers and small tools is physical making.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Positioning balls of clay in centres of potters' wheels
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: balls of clay, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Position balls of clay in centres of potters' wheels, and start motors or pump treadles with feet to revolve wheels.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Centring clay on a wheel is pure hands-on work at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Shaping emerging clay cylinders with hands and fingers to desired forms and sizes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: clay cylinders, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Shape emerging clay cylinders with hands and fingers to desired forms and sizes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Shaping clay by hand and feel cannot be done at a screen.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Making products or component parts of products by hand in line with the setting's quality standards
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: products, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/01
Source: “Make products or component parts of products by hand in line with the setting's quality standards, confidentiality policies and intellectual property requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making parts by hand to a standard is craft work at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Servicing and restoring ceramic items for public or private collections
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: ceramic items, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/01
Source: “Service and restore ceramic items for public or private collections.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Restoring a ceramic object is delicate handwork on the object itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Cleaning and maintaining tools, test equipment and motor vehicles
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: tools, test equipment and motor vehicles, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Clean and maintain tools, test equipment, and motor vehicles.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cleaning tools, test gear and vehicles is physical upkeep.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Cutting out sections in surfaces of materials for inlaying decorative pieces using patterns and scissors
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: sections, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Cut out sections in surfaces of materials for inlaying decorative pieces using patterns and scissors.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting inlay sections into a surface is handwork with pattern and scissors.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Filling and smoothing cracks or depressions using plastic or wood filler
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: cracks, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Fill and smooth cracks or depressions using plastic or wood filler.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Filling and smoothing cracks is done with filler and a blade in hand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Heating coating materials to specified temperatures for application on surfaces
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Heat coating materials to specified temperatures for application on surfaces.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Heating coating material to temperature is done at the equipment.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Immersing workpieces in coating solutions or liquid metal or plastic for specified times
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Immerse workpieces in coating solutions or liquid metal or plastic for specified times.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Lowering parts into a plating tank for a set time is hands-on line work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Maintaining the work area according to safety and environmental standards
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the work area, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Maintain the work area according to safety and environmental standards.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Keeping the work area clean and safe is physical work in the kitchen.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Packaging products according to setting standards
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: products, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Package products according to setting standards, procedures, and customer requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Packing product to customer requirements is manual handling in the packaging hall.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Placing coated workpieces in ovens or dryers to dry or harden finishes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: coated workpieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Place coated workpieces in ovens or dryers to dry or harden finishes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Loading coated workpieces into ovens is physical handling.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Positioning and gluing decorative pieces in cutout sections of workpieces
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: decorative pieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Position and glue decorative pieces in cutout sections of workpieces, following patterns.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Positioning and gluing decorative pieces is close handwork.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Removing grease, dirt, paint or rust from surfaces using abrasives, solvents, brushes, blowtorches, washing tanks or sandblasters in preparation for paint application
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: grease, dirt, paint or rust, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Remove grease, dirt, paint, or rust from surfaces using abrasives, solvents, brushes, blowtorches, washing tanks, or sandblasters in preparation for paint application.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Surface cleaning is physical preparation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Rinsing drain or wipe coated workpieces to remove excess coating material or facilitate setting of finish coats
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: drain, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Rinse, drain, or wipe coated workpieces to remove excess coating material or facilitate setting of finish coats.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Rinsing and wiping coated pieces is hands-on finishing work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Selecting and mixing ingredients to prepare coating substances
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: ingredients, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Select and mix ingredients to prepare coating substances according to specifications, using paddles or mechanical mixers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–7 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence, and it moved between repeat runs, so the range is widened.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Selecting and mixing coating ingredients is done at the mixer by hand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Shaping or cutting materials to specified measurements
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01, 5441/02
Source: “Shape or cut materials to specified measurements, using hand tools, machines, or power saws.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting and shaping material to size is done with tools on the material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Storing tools in accordance with health and safety requirements
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: tools, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/01
Source: “Store tools in accordance with health and safety requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Putting tools away safely happens in the workshop.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Applying finishes to pottery for decorative purposes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: finishes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5441/02
Source: “Apply finishes to pottery for decorative purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Decorative finishes go on by hand at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Carrying out test-firings of pottery to determine how to achieve specific colours and textures
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: test-firings of pottery, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/02
Source: “Carry out test-firings of pottery to determine how to achieve specific colours and textures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Test-firings mean loading a real kiln and looking at real results.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Adjusting wheel speeds based on the feel of the clay as pieces enlarge and walls thin
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: wheel speeds, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/02
Source: “Adjust wheel speeds based on the feel of the clay as pieces enlarge and walls thin.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Judging clay by feel while the wheel turns is entirely hands-on.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Attaching handles to pottery pieces
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: handles, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/02
Source: “Attach handles to pottery pieces.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Attaching a handle is manual work on the pot.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Conducting pottery workshops focusing on techniques
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pottery workshops, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/02
Source: “Conduct pottery workshops focusing on techniques such as wheel throwing and glazing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Running a hands-on workshop means being in the room guiding people at the wheel.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Operating drying chambers to dry or finishing moulded ceramic ware
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: chambers, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/02
Source: “Operate drying chambers to dry or finish moulded ceramic ware.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Loading and running drying chambers is floor work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Operating jigger machines to form ceramic ware
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: jigger machines, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/02
Source: “Operate jigger machines to form ceramic ware, such as bowls, cups, plates, and saucers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Machine forming needs an operator at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Pressing thumbs into centres of revolving clay to form hollows
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: thumbs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/02
Source: “Press thumbs into centres of revolving clay to form hollows.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Opening the clay with your thumbs is hands-only work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Adjusting controls as necessary to alter extruded products
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: controls, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Adjust controls as necessary to alter extruded products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Adjusting the extruder means standing at it and reacting to what comes out.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Operating pug mills to blend and extrude clay
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pug mills, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Operate pug mills to blend and extrude clay.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Running a pug mill to blend and extrude clay is machine work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Pulling wires through bases of articles and wheels to separate finished pieces
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: wires, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Pull wires through bases of articles and wheels to separate finished pieces.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting pieces free with wire is done at the wheel.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Setting up exhibitions of artwork for display or sale
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: exhibitions of artwork, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Set up exhibitions of artwork for display or sale.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Hanging and arranging an exhibition means physically handling and placing the work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Smoothing surfaces, using sandpaper, scrapers, brushes, wire wool or sanding machines
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: surfaces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Smooth surfaces, using sandpaper, scrapers, brushes, wire wool, or sanding machines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Smoothing surfaces with abrasives or a sander is entirely physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Starting machine units and conveyors
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: machine units, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Start machine units and conveyors.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Starting machines and conveyors happens on the shop floor.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Verifying dimensions of completed patterns
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: dimensions of completed patterns, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/02
Source: “Verify dimensions of completed patterns using templates, straightedges, callipers, or protractors.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking a pattern with callipers and straightedges means measuring the part itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Blowing glass using a blowing iron
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: glass, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 95 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Blow glass using a blowing iron.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Glassblowing is skilled physical work at the furnace.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Blowing and rotating gathers in moulds or on boards to obtain final shapes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: gathers, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Blow and rotate gathers in moulds or on boards to obtain final shapes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Blowing and rotating hot glass is entirely hands-on.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Creating kiln-formed glass by slumping glass into a mould
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: kiln-formed glass, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5441/03
Source: “Create kiln-formed glass by slumping glass into a mould.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Slumping glass in a kiln is workshop work with real materials.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Producing decorative items, lamp bases and tableware
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: decorative items, lamp bases and tableware, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5441/03
Source: “Produce decorative items including lamp bases and tableware.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Producing lamp bases and tableware is making, not describing.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Applying trims or special finishes to products for aesthetic improvement
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: trims, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/03
Source: “Apply trims or special finishes to products for aesthetic improvement.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Applying trims and finishes is hands-on work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Demonstrating respect and responsibility for the day to day care of glass and work carefully and responsibly when undertaking the moving
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: respect, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Demonstrate respect and responsibility for the day to day care of glass and work carefully and responsibly when undertaking the moving, handling, cleaning or protection of artefacts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Handling, moving and protecting real artefacts requires being there with them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Shaping bend or join sections of glass, using paddles, pressing and flattening hand tools or cork
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: bend, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Shape, bend, or join sections of glass, using paddles, pressing and flattening hand tools, or cork.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Shaping hot glass with hand tools is physical craft.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Cutting specialist materials as required for architectural glass projects
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: specialist materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Cut specialist materials as required for architectural glass projects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting specialist materials is hands-on workshop work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Fixing pieces of glass together using soldering or fusing techniques
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pieces of glass together, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Fix pieces of glass together using soldering or fusing techniques.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Soldering or fusing glass is craft work done by hand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Making decorative patterns on glass using stencils
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: decorative patterns, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/03
Source: “Make decorative patterns on glass using stencils.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Stencilling patterns onto glass is done by hand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Restoring antiques to their original condition
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: antiques, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/03
Source: “Restore antiques to their original condition.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Restoring an antique is skilled hands-on work with the object.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Using decorative techniques, including engraving, acid-etching, stencilling, sand or grit blasting
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: decorative techniques, including engraving, acid-etching, stencilling, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/03
Source: “Use decorative techniques, including engraving, acid-etching, stencilling, sand or grit blasting.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Engraving, etching and blasting are physical decorating techniques.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Applying appropriate waterproofing materials to fabricated architectural glass
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: appropriate waterproofing materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Apply appropriate waterproofing materials to fabricated architectural glass.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Applying waterproofing to fitted glass is site work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Etching designs onto glass or metal surfaces using acid
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: designs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03
Source: “Etch designs onto glass or metal surfaces using acid.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Acid etching is carried out on the actual workpiece.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Handling specialist materials for architectural glass construction using appropriate tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: specialist materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Handle specialist materials for architectural glass construction using appropriate tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Handling heavy specialist materials with tools is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Operating and maintaining finishing machines
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: machines, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Operate and maintain finishing machines to decorate, wash, or polish glass products.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Finishing machines need an operator standing at them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Placing glass into dies or moulds of presses for product formation
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: glass, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Place glass into dies or moulds of presses for product formation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Loading glass into press moulds is manual.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Replacing custom glass pieces in structures
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: custom glass pieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03
Source: “Replace custom glass pieces in structures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Replacing glass in a structure is on-site fitting.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Striking necks of finished articles to separate them from blowpipes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: necks of finished articles, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Strike necks of finished articles to separate them from blowpipes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Striking articles off the blowpipe is a physical action.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Using lathes to shape glass materials for artistic creations
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: lathes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03
Source: “Use lathes to shape glass materials for artistic creations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Lathe work on glass is hands-on machining.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Use sandblasters to finish glass surfaces for clarity and design
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: sandblasters, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/03
Source: “Use sandblasters to finish glass surfaces for clarity and design.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Sandblasting is done by hand in a cabinet.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting up and adjusting machine press stroke lengths and pressures according to glass types
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: and adjusting machine press stroke lengths, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Set up and adjust machine press stroke lengths and pressures according to glass types.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting press strokes and pressures is done at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Ensuring the workshop is kept tidy
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the workshop is kept tidy, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Ensure the workshop is kept tidy.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Tidying a workshop is physical work in the workshop.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 0/4.
Giving live demonstrations of work production before selling
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: live demonstrations of work production, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5441/03
Source: “Give live demonstrations of work production before selling.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: A live making demonstration is the maker's physical performance.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Organising materials and tools in the work area
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Organise materials and tools in the work area.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Tidying and laying out the work area is physical.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Repairing broken scrolls by replacing them with new sections of tubing
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: broken scrolls, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Repair broken scrolls by replacing them with new sections of tubing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Replacing a broken tubing section is hands-on repair.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Cutting cables and tubing to size using master templates
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: cables, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Cut cables and tubing to size using master templates, measuring instruments, and cutters or saws.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring and cutting cable and tubing is physical work with tools.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Spraying moulds with compounds to lubricate or insulate
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: moulds, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 5441/03, 5441/04
Source: “Spray moulds with compounds to lubricate or insulate.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Spraying moulds happens at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Safelying handle sheet glass and leaded panels
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: handle sheet glass, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5441/04
Source: “Safely handle sheet glass and leaded panels.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Carrying sheet glass and leaded panels safely is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing glass units, infill panels and hardware according to specifications
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: glass units, infill panels and hardware, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 55 · 5441/04
Source: “Install glass units, infill panels, and hardware according to specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing glass units and hardware is hands-on work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Controlling equipment that coats lenses to alter their reflective qualities
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5441/05
Source: “Control equipment that coats lenses to alter their reflective qualities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Running the coating equipment means loading lenses and working the machine on the shop floor.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Cleaning finished lenses and spectacles
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: finished lenses, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/05
Source: “Clean finished lenses and spectacles, using cloths and solvents.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cleaning lenses with cloths and solvents is manual.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Securing and aligning finished lenses in frames or optical assemblies using precision hand tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: finished lenses, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5441/05
Source: “Secure and align finished lenses in frames or optical assemblies using precision hand tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting lenses into frames is precise handwork.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Mounting and securing lens blanks or optical lenses in holding tools or chucks of cutting
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: lens blanks, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/05
Source: “Mount and secure lens blanks or optical lenses in holding tools or chucks of cutting, polishing, grinding, or coating machines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Mounting blanks into machine chucks is manual setup.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting dials and starting machines to polish lenses
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: dials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5441/05
Source: “Set dials and start machines to polish lenses.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting dials and starting polishing machines happens at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Adjusting tools to achieve specified cuts
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: tools, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/05
Source: “Adjust tools to achieve specified cuts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting a tool to cut correctly is done at the machine by feel.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Repairing faulty components using hand tools and soldering irons
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: faulty components, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5441/05
Source: “Repair faulty components using hand tools and soldering irons.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Soldering and hand-tool repairs need hands on the part.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Laying out lenses and trace their outlines on glass using templates
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: lenses, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 5441/05
Source: “Lay out lenses and trace their outlines on glass using templates.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Laying out and tracing lenses on glass is bench work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Separating lenses in containers for further processing or storage
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: lenses, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 65 · 5441/05
Source: “Separate lenses in containers for further processing or storage.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Sorting lenses into containers is physical handling.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Immersing spectacle frames in solutions
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: spectacle frames, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5441/05
Source: “Immerse spectacle frames in solutions to harden, soften, or dye frames.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Dipping frames in solutions is done at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Removing lenses from moulds
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: lenses, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5441/05
Source: “Remove lenses from moulds.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Taking lenses out of moulds is manual.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.

What this job pays, and how many people do it

Median pay: £28,900a year, before tax, the middle of the range, so half earn more and half earn less.ashe-t14, 2025 · ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
How we know this
Source: ashe-t14
Reference period: ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)
Rounding: Shown to the nearest £100. The exact published figure is in the downloadable dataset. We do not render pounds the survey cannot support.
People doing this job: 19,400in the UK, 2026.nomis-aps · Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period)This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.

What is deliberately not here: a forecast of how many of these jobs exist in ten years. Where an official projection exists for a market we publish it with its vintage; where it does not, we leave the space empty rather than borrow the other country’s number.

Why this is shifting

The reason is boringly specific. Most of what is shifting here is reading one thing and writing another: specifications of items in, a record out. The rows above are exactly that shape: determining types and quantities of glass required to manufacture products and drawing in 2D to create sketches. What it cannot do is be there in the room, and that is still where electric kilns get done. Which is why this page talks about your tasks changing, not your job ending.

Your move

Over a pint: what I’d tell you if you were my friend

Start with what does not change: operating electric kilns that heat and mould glass sheets to the shape and curve of metal jigs is the middle of this job, and the evidence on this page says it stays with a person.

So, given all that: 8% of this job's task weight sits in rows the software is already learning, 9% in rows that change shape rather than disappear, and 83% in rows it is nowhere near. That is the position, measured across 146 scored tasks. It is not a forecast about you.

So the thing worth your attention is not the job going away. It is the layer around it. Determining types and quantities of glass required to manufacture products is the part turning into software, and being the person who understands that layer is worth money.

This week: one thing

Ask the one question. Find whoever is bringing new software into your workplace (the manager, the office, whoever runs the system) and ask them what it is meant to do to specifications of items, and what it is not meant to touch. Ten minutes, this week, before anyone decides it for you.

What you end up holding: a straight answer about what is actually being rolled out, and when
How long it takes: ten minutes

If there’s nobody obvious to ask, or you’d rather not ask your manager: Put the same question to your union rep, your shift lead or the person who has been there longest, in person, over a break. Same ten minutes, same answer, and you will usually get a straighter one. Write down what they say. The note is the artifact, and it tells you whether electric kilns are in scope or not. Nothing to log into, no licence needed.

Over the next 90 days

Get inside the tool rollout rather than waiting for it. Over the next ninety days, ask to be in the group that tests, checks or signs off whatever new system arrives near developing artistic designs using specialised computer software for creative projects. It is usually an unglamorous seat that nobody fights for, and it is the one that decides how the software is used on your job rather than to it.

Over the next 12 months

On this evidence I would not retrain out of this job, and I will say that plainly rather than hedge it. The task list here is dominated by work that stays with a person. What I would do with a year is get formally recognised for the layer around it (the systems, the compliance, the planning), so you are the one who understands the software instead of the one it is done to. Before you pay for anything, spend an hour with National Careers Service. It is free and government-funded, and it is listed below with the rest of the free routes.

The roads out of here, and why I am not sending you down them

I looked at the obvious moves out of this job, and here is what I found.

I checked the 12 nearest UK occupations to glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers (nearest by the work that AI is not taking, not by job title), and none of them survived. The closest was precision instrument makers and repairers: only about 6% of its durable work is work you already do. And on the numbers you do not need one. This job scores 17/100 here, with only 8% of the task list in the top band, and “blow glass using a blowing iron” is not work that hands over cleanly. None of them beats deepening what you already have.

How that was checked: this job was compared against all 412 UK occupations in this release on their official task statements, and the 12 nearest were examined one by one. A move that turns on an industry, an employer or a qualification rather than on the work itself will not show up in a check like that. And this release carries no licence register, so anything you are weighing needs that looked up separately.

3 moves I checked and rejected

These are the obvious-looking jumps. They are here with their reasons rather than quietly dropped, because the ones that fail are worth knowing about. It is one less thing to turn over at night.

Precision instrument makers and repairers
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “control equipment that coats lenses to alter their reflective qualities”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 6% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 6% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Glaziers, window fabricators and fitters
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour on the work AI is not taking: you already design glass objects, and their equivalent is to cut and fit glass or glass substitutes for buildings and furniture. Across both published task lists that is about 1% of the durable work in that job.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 1% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Paper and wood machine operatives
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour on the work AI is not taking: you already inspect workpieces for defects to ensure ceramic quality, and their equivalent is to inspect workpieces for defects to ensure product quality. Across both published task lists that is about 1% of the durable work in that job.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 1% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →

What I’d stop worrying about

A friend tells you what not to spend fear on. This is that list.

The headline number you read somewhere
The big “X% of jobs” figures are about the whole economy, not about you. The number that describes your job is on this page: 8% of its task weight, across 146 scored tasks. Every row behind it is printed above with the source. Check ours; ignore theirs.
The headlines about your trade disappearing
They are usually about the technology, not the timetable. Changes to work like operating electric kilns that heat and mould glass sheets to the shape and curve of metal jigs arrive through rules, insurance and money, slowly and visibly. This page tracks the task evidence and will move when it moves.
Retraining out of a job that is holding up
On this evidence I would not spend money leaving. Spend it on the layer around the job instead: the tools, the paperwork, the planning. That is where the change actually is.
The “obvious” next job everyone suggests
I checked the obvious moves and most of them did not survive. The reasons are printed with the routes above, including the pay and the gate. A move that fails on the numbers is worth knowing about so you can stop turning it over at night.

You are reading the United Kingdom figures

The United States splits this work across more than one official group, of which Craft Artists is the closest. The pay and employment figures are not directly comparable, and we do not average them together.

Switch to the United States page →partial match

The other groups this work is counted across:

In US official statistics this job is counted as Craft Artists, Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand, Cutters and Trimmers, Hand, Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers and Molders, Shapers, and Casters, Except Metal and Plastic. Pay is shown separately for each of those groups (medians cannot be averaged together), while the task list and the scores on this page are for this group only.

Your route through this

Where to go next, and what it costs

Free, and complete

The moves above cost nothing. These are the real services that go with them: public, government-funded, and free at the point of use. Nothing on this page is behind an email address or a payment.

In England:
National Careers Service
A free hour with a government-funded careers adviser is worth more than another evening of reading. In England that's the National Careers Service.
Free, government-funded
- Discover your skills and careers (the skills assessment)
In England:
National Careers Service - Find a course
Search what's actually running near you before you spend anything.
Free to search; individual courses vary
In England:
Free courses for jobs (Level 3 qualifications)
A free Level 3 qualification you already qualify for beats a paid course you don't need.
Free for eligible adults
In England:
Skills Bootcamps
Free, up to 16 weeks, and you get a job interview at the end. In England these are Skills Bootcamps - search what's running near you.
Free for eligible adults in England
- Skills Bootcamps - what they are and who can do them (DfE, Skills for Careers)
- Skills Bootcamps - JobHelp (DWP)
In Scotland:
My World of Work (Skills Development Scotland)
In Scotland it's My World of Work, from Skills Development Scotland.
Free, publicly funded
- Skills Development Scotland
In Wales:
Careers Wales
In Wales it's Careers Wales.
Free, Welsh Government-funded
In Northern Ireland:
Careers Service Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland it's the Careers Service on nidirect.
Free, Department for the Economy-funded

No Space for this job, but one for what is happening to it

Nothing Collab365 runs is built for glass / ceramics makers / decorators / finishers, and we are not going to point you at the nearest one and call it a fit.

There is one that is not about a job title at all. The AI Authority is about being the person who directs these tools at work rather than the person they get compared to. That is worth saying here, because 8% of the work on this page is already inside what they can do.

Try The AI Authority free →

7 days free, no card needed. Explore up to 2 Spaces before you choose a plan: you pick a plan later, not now.

The AI Authority is a general community about working with AI, not a course for glass / ceramics makers / decorators / finishers. You do not need it to act on anything here: the moves above cost nothing and stand on their own. The data on this page is the same either way.

Noted, and thank you. We’ll email you if a Space for glass / ceramics makers / decorators / finishers launches. Nothing else.

That did not look like an email address, so nothing was saved. Have another go below.

We could not save that. The fault is ours, not yours, and your address was not stored. Please try again later.

No Space for glass / ceramics makers / decorators / finishers yet. Should there be one?

Collab365 Spaces is built by the same people as this site. We find the problems that AI and automation are creating inside one kind of work, then solve them as short courses, briefings and Blueprints. Each Space is the community too, so the research and the people doing your job are in the same place.

What a Space actually is, in full

Collab365 launches new communities where the need is real. If one for glass / ceramics makers / decorators / finishers existed, with researched problems, courses and people in the same boat, would you want in?

Your email

We use your email address for one thing: to tell you if a Space for glass / ceramics makers / decorators / finishers launches. We never sell it, never use it for unrelated marketing, and every email has a one-click unsubscribe. Our privacy policy has the full version.

This unlocks nothing. Every figure, every row and every step on this page is already yours, whether you fill this in or not.

No deadline on any of this. The page will still be here, and the data is refreshed on a published schedule rather than when someone wants a headline.

Questions people ask about this job

Will AI replace Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers?: Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 146 official task statements scored for Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers (United Kingdom, SOC 5441), 8% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 17 out of 100 (range 14–22, band: minimal). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.
Which tasks in “Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers” can AI already do?: The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Advertise services using internet advertising and brochures” (93/100, very high); “Carry out business administrative tasks for self-employed operations” (93/100, very high); “Analyse market trends to compare products and assess competitor strategies” (83/100, very high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.
Which tasks in “Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers” stay human?: About 83% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Remove lenses from moulds” (0/100, minimal); “Immerse spectacle frames in solutions to harden, soften, or dye frames” (0/100, minimal); “Separate lenses in containers for further processing or storage” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.
What should someone working in “Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers” do about AI?: Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 8% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 83% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.
How is the AI exposure score for Glass and ceramics makers, decorators and finishers calculated?: Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 146 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

Where these numbers come from

About the data on this page

Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.
One task scored differently between repeat runs, so its range on this page is wider. We would rather show the wobble than hide it.
6 rows are marked low confidence, so treat them as a ballpark rather than a fine measurement.
The match between this job and its counterpart in the other country is partial, so the two pages count slightly different groups of people.
58 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Task statements: gaisi-indexProcessing: catalogue-bridge → ssc-relatedness-weighting → task-scoring → score-aggregation
Task weights: gaisi-index (relatedness)
Scores: Rubric task_scoring_v1.0, model claude-opus-5, computed 2026-08-05.
Pay and employment: ashe-t14 (ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025))nomis-aps (Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period))

Figures on this page come from release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Every release keeps its own permanent address, so a figure you cite in March is still there, unchanged, in November.

The plain-English wording on this page is assembled directly from the task statements and the published ratings, not written by hand for this occupation. That is why it is specific, and it is also why we say so.

The routes and free resources further up are today’s, not the release’s (last reviewed 2026-08-05). A route is an offer, not a historical fact, so it moves on its own clock.

How we score a job Download this release Look up another job

Using these figures?

Cite this

Everything on this site is published under CC BY 4.0. Quote it, chart it, sell something built on it. Just say where it came from, and cite the dated release rather than the site, so the figure you quote stays checkable.

Plain text

Collab365 (2026). Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1 (methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0). https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Built with O*NET data (USDOL/ETA, CC BY 4.0); ONS data (Open Government Licence v3.0); GAISI task framework (arXiv:2507.22748, MIT); BLS data (public domain).

BibTeX

@misc{collab365futureproof2026q41,
  title        = {Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1},
  author       = {{Collab365}},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1},
  note         = {Release 2026-q4.1, methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0, CC BY 4.0}
}

Permalink

https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1

Data as of release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Releases never change after publication; when the figures move, a new dated release is published beside this one and this one stays exactly where it is.