Will AI replace Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks?

Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 109 official task statements scored for Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks (United Kingdom, SOC 4122), 68% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 66 out of 100 (range 61–71, band: high). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.

Which tasks in “Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks” can AI already do?

The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Manage financial accounts and process expense claims” (93/100, very high); “Perform basic bookkeeping duties for financial record maintenance” (93/100, very high); “Prepare trial balances of books” (93/100, very high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.

Which tasks in “Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks” stay human?

About 11% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Operate photocopiers as part of general office or clerical work” (0/100, minimal); “Send cash, cheques, or other forms of payment to banks” (9/100, minimal); “Distribute and collect timecards each pay period” (10/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.

What should someone working in “Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks” do about AI?

Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 68% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 11% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.

How is the AI exposure score for Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks calculated?

Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 109 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

UK dataswitch to US

Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks

managing financial accounts and processing expense claims, ensuring compliance with contractual obligations and statutory requirements in payroll processing and preparing and submitting annual tax returns. If that's your week, this page is about your job.

The honest answer

Most tasks in this job are the kind AI has learned to do: calculating statutory contributions like pensions and National Insurance. The tasks, though, are not you.

Your move: three real directions from here ↓

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 68%
changing shape: 21%
staying human: 11%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

Whole-job exposure score 66 out of 100 (61–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, across 109 scored tasks. The number is the support for the sentence above it, not a headline about anyone’s future.

How we know this

What is measured: Every published task statement for book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks is rated on five dimensions: can a model produce the output, does the work need a body in a room, does it need a legally accountable person, does it depend on a person being trusted in the moment, and how much data exists. A published formula turns those five ratings into the score; the model never writes the number.

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-05. Read the full method.

It would be a lie to soften that; distributing and collecting timecards each pay period is what this work rebuilds around. The routes below start from it.

Your week, as this page understands it

Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks maintain and balance records of financial transactions, oversee the operation of payroll functions and calculate hours worked, wages due and other relevant contributions and deductions. The job title says “book-keepers”, “payroll managers” or “wages clerks”: officially one job, several names. The real job is the part underneath: distributing and collecting timecards each pay period. That is the thing someone has to be right about.

The exposed part of this job is specific, and we won’t pretend it is coming back. But book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks is not one task. It is 109 scored ones, and they are nowhere near equally exposed. The most durable of them, on this evidence, is distributing and collecting timecards each pay period, and the ledger below shows exactly why.

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 68%
changing shape: 21%
staying human: 11%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

How we know this

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-05. Read the full method.

Your job, task by task

These are the official task statements for this occupation, in plain English, sorted by what the evidence says is happening to each one. The official wording sits under every line so you can check the rewrite against it.

Shifting to AI

72 tasks

Tasks today’s tools can already do most of. This is the part we will not soften: where these rows are the bulk of your week, the week changes.

Calculating statutory contributions like pensions and National Insurance
This is reading one thing and writing another: statutory contributions like pensions in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/01, 4122/02
Source: “Calculate statutory contributions like pensions and National Insurance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: These are published rules applied to known figures, which payroll software does exactly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reconciling issued payrolls to bank statements
This is reading one thing and writing another: issued payrolls in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/01, 4122/02
Source: “Reconcile issued payrolls to bank statements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Matching payroll runs to bank entries is straightforward automated reconciliation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Managing financial accounts and processing expense claims
This is reading one thing and writing another: financial accounts in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Manage financial accounts and process expense claims.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Managing accounts and processing expense claims is structured, rule-based work that finance software already automates.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Performing basic bookkeeping duties for financial record maintenance
This is reading one thing and writing another: basic bookkeeping duties in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Perform basic bookkeeping duties for financial record maintenance.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Bookkeeping is unregulated in Britain and highly structured, so software already does this to a standard bookkeepers accept.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Changing shape

23 tasks

Tasks where the machine takes the producing and a person keeps the checking, the deciding, or the answering-for-it. For most jobs this is the biggest group, and it is where "transformation, not termination" is literally visible.

Responding to both foreseeable and unexpected financial record requests
The software now makes the first pass at both foreseeable, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 4122/01, 4122/02
Source: “Respond to both foreseeable and unexpected financial record requests, often within tight deadlines.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Pulling requested records together quickly is exactly what a well-kept system does.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Undertaking Continuous Professional Development by keeping up to date with relevant statutory obligations and procedural best practice
The software now makes the first pass at continuous professional development, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 4122/01, 4122/02
Source: “Undertake Continuous Professional Development by keeping up to date with relevant statutory obligations and procedural best practice.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (28–52 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, low confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over.
The rating behind it: Summaries of rule changes are easy to get, but staying competent is something the person has to do.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Completing vat returns
The software now makes the first pass at vat returns, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Complete vat returns.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Returns can be drafted from accounting data, though a qualified person normally checks and stands behind the figures.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Staying human

14 tasks

Tasks that stay with a person, because they happen in the physical world, because the rules need someone accountable, or because the value is that a specific person does them.

Distributing and collecting timecards each pay period
This work happens in the physical world: timecards each pay period, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 4122/02
Source: “Distribute and collect timecards each pay period.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence, and it moved between repeat runs, so the range is widened.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Handing out and collecting physical timecards means walking round the workplace.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Directing and overseeing the timely collation of payroll and benefits data from various sources
The value here is that a specific person handles the timely collation of payroll and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 75 · 4122/02
Source: “Direct and oversee the timely collation of payroll and benefits data from various sources.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Chasing and directing colleagues to deliver data on time is people management.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Sending cash, cheques or other forms of payment to banks
This work happens in the physical world: cash, cheques or other forms of payment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 4122/01
Source: “Send cash, cheques, or other forms of payment to banks.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (5–13 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Physically taking cash and cheques to the bank needs someone to make the trip.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Show the other 99 tasks

Preparing trial balances of books
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: trial balances of books in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Prepare trial balances of books.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Producing a trial balance is a defined accounting step that bookkeeping software performs automatically.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Composing letters as part of office duties
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: letters in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 4122/01
Source: “Compose letters as part of office duties.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 88 out of 100 (84–92 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Routine business letters are something software drafts to a standard most people would send with light edits.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Calculating amounts due, including interest charges and balances
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: amounts due, including interest charges and balances in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Calculate amounts due, including interest charges and balances.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Working out interest charges and balances is exactly the arithmetic computers do reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Calculating bills, invoices and financial statements according to established procedures
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: bills, invoices and financial statements in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Calculate bills, invoices, and financial statements according to established procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Producing bills and invoices from set procedures is routine, rule-driven calculation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Checking figures, postings and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy and appropriate codes
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: figures, postings and documents in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Check figures, postings, and documents for correct entry, mathematical accuracy, and appropriate codes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Checking entries, codes and arithmetic against source documents is precisely what accounting software already does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Classifying and recording numerical and financial data in journals
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: numerical in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Classify and record numerical and financial data in journals, ledgers, or computers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Coding and posting transactions follows clear rules that software applies accurately.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Compiling accounting and auditing tables for accounts payable and receivable
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: tables in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Compile accounting and auditing tables for accounts payable and receivable.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Pulling payables and receivables into tables is straightforward system work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Crediting accounts on computer spreadsheets and databases using specialised accounting software
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: accounts in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Credit accounts on computer spreadsheets and databases using specialised accounting software.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Posting credits in accounting software is routine, rule-based data work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Logging transactions involving cash, cheques and vouchers
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: transactions involving cash, cheques and vouchers in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Log transactions involving cash, cheques, and vouchers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Logging payments is simple record-keeping that software handles from scanned or imported data.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Matching order forms with invoices
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: order forms in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Match order forms with invoices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Matching orders to invoices is a well-solved automation task.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Operating computerised accounting systems to manage financial records
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: computerised accounting systems in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Operate computerised accounting systems to manage financial records.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping financial records in accounting software is routine system work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recording the necessary information from matched order forms and invoices
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: the necessary information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Record the necessary information from matched order forms and invoices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Copying agreed details from matched paperwork into the records is routine data work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Summarising recorded data to compile and maintain financial records
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: recorded data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Summarise recorded data to compile and maintain financial records.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Summarising ledger data into maintained records is straightforward reporting.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Using software packages to ensure accurate and timely accounting information
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: software packages in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Use software packages to ensure accurate and timely accounting information.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: This is software work by definition, and the routine parts largely run themselves.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Verifying amounts and checking accuracy of deposit slips
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: amounts in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Verify amounts and check accuracy of deposit slips.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Checking amounts against deposit slips is simple, reliable checking work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Monitoring loans and accounts to ensure payments are up to date
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: loans in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/01
Source: “Monitor loans and accounts to ensure payments are up to date.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Tracking whether loan and account payments are up to date is standard automated monitoring.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Determining discounts, equity and principal as part of financial calculations
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: discounts, equity and principal in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 4122/01
Source: “Determine discounts, equity, and principal as part of financial calculations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Discounts, equity and principal are standard financial calculations that software performs exactly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Generating purchase orders for required goods
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: purchase orders in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 4122/01
Source: “Generate purchase orders for required goods.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Raising purchase orders from stated requirements is routine system work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Documenting budget data for reference and analysis
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: budget data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 4122/01
Source: “Document budget data for reference and analysis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Recording budget figures for reference and analysis is routine data work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Filing expense account reports for financial accountability
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: expense account reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 4122/01
Source: “File expense account reports for financial accountability.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Filing expense account reports is standard, rule-driven admin.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Operating calculators for financial calculations and record-keeping
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: calculators in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 4122/01
Source: “Operate calculators for financial calculations and record-keeping.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: The arithmetic and the record are both things computers do faster and more accurately.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Producing product documentation and reports according to company policy
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: product documentation in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 4122/01
Source: “Produce product documentation and reports according to company policy.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Documents and reports that follow a set company format are quick for software to produce.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Auditing information to ensure it's accurate
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Audit information to ensure it's accurate and current.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Checking data against sources for accuracy and currency is routine, reliable work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Balancing payroll accounts to ensure accurate employee payments
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: payroll accounts in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Balance payroll accounts to ensure accurate employee payments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Balancing payroll accounts is straightforward reconciliation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Calculating wages and deductions
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: wages in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Calculate wages and deductions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Wage and deduction calculations follow published rules that payroll software applies exactly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inputting data into computer systems for record-keeping
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Input data into computer systems for record-keeping.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Data entry is among the most automatable office tasks.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inputting employee data into a payroll system
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: employee data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Input employee data into a payroll system.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Entering employee details into payroll is routine data work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Keeping track of leave time
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: track of leave time in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Keep track of leave time, such as holiday, personal, and sick leave, for employees.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Leave tracking is a standard feature of the software already used for it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Maintaining payroll records to ensure accurate employee compensation
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: payroll records in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Maintain payroll records to ensure accurate employee compensation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping payroll records accurate is routine, rule-driven system work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Processing employee payslips
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: employee payslips in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Process employee payslips.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Payslip production is fully rule-based and already automated in payroll software.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Processing time sheets for payroll purposes to ensure accurate wage calculations
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: time sheets in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Process time sheets for payroll purposes to ensure accurate wage calculations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning timesheet hours into pay follows fixed rules that software applies reliably.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reviewing time sheets to monitor employee hours
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: time sheets in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Review time sheets to monitor employee hours.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Checking recorded hours against timesheets is simple, automatable checking.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reviewing timesheets and work charts to detect payroll discrepancies
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: timesheets in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Review timesheets and work charts to detect payroll discrepancies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Spotting odd hours or mismatches is exactly the pattern-checking software does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Completing forms for benefits administration
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: forms in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/02
Source: “Complete forms for benefits administration, including pension schemes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Filling standard benefit and pension scheme forms from held data is routine admin.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Issuing and recording pay adjustments for errors or backdated increases
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: pay adjustments in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/02
Source: “Issue and record pay adjustments for errors or backdated increases.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Backdated and corrective pay calculations follow set rules that payroll software applies.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing and balancing period-end reports
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: period-end reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/02
Source: “Prepare and balance period-end reports.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Period-end reporting and balancing is standard automated accounting work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing detailed payroll reports for financial analysis
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: detailed payroll reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/02
Source: “Prepare detailed payroll reports for financial analysis.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Payroll reports are generated straight from the data already held.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Processing paperwork for new employees
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: paperwork in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/02
Source: “Process paperwork for new employees.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: New starter paperwork follows a fixed pattern that software completes well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Recording employee exemptions, transfers and resignations for payroll updates
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: employee exemptions, transfers and resignations in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/02
Source: “Record employee exemptions, transfers, and resignations for payroll updates.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Updating payroll records for exemptions, transfers and leavers is routine data work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Compiling statistical and financial reports related to cash receipts
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: statistical in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 4122/02
Source: “Compile statistical and financial reports related to cash receipts, expenditures, and profits and losses.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Compiling receipts, expenditure and profit figures into reports is standard system reporting.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Performing manual calculations as necessary to support payroll processing
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: manual calculations in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 4122/02
Source: “Perform manual calculations as necessary to support payroll processing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Manual payroll arithmetic is exactly what computers do faster and more accurately.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Posting verified information onto designated records
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: verified information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 4122/02
Source: “Post verified information onto designated records.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Posting confirmed details onto designated records is routine data work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Processing documentation to finalise benefits administration
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: documentation in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 4122/02
Source: “Process documentation to finalise benefits administration.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Completing standard benefits paperwork is routine admin.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Posting relevant work hours to client files for accurate billing
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: relevant work hours in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 4122/02
Source: “Post relevant work hours to client files for accurate billing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 81 out of 100 (77–85 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Posting work hours to client files for billing is routine data work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Accessing computerised financial information to answer general questions
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: computerised financial information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/01
Source: “Access computerised financial information to answer general questions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 79 out of 100 (75–83 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Looking up figures and answering general questions is something systems already do instantly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Monitoring employees' work schedules and attendance for payroll purposes
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: employees' work schedules in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/02
Source: “Monitor employees' work schedules and attendance for payroll purposes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 79 out of 100 (75–83 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Tracking hours and attendance for payroll is standard system work needing no judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Resolving discrepancies in accounting records
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: discrepancies in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Resolve discrepancies in accounting records.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Chasing down why an account does not balance needs judgement and access to records, though software narrows it quickly.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Maintaining digital systems using software applications to support financial information delivery
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: digital systems in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 4122/01
Source: “Maintain digital systems using software applications to support financial information delivery.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (71–79 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Keeping the systems and reporting running is desk work, though it takes practical know-how.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Identifying the business model and sector for payroll services
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: the business model in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 50 · 4122/02
Source: “Identify the business model and sector for payroll services.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 75 out of 100 (68–82 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Working out the business model and sector is desk analysis based on well-documented information.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Submitting completed tax forms, workers' compensation forms, pension contribution forms and other government documents
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: completed tax forms, workers' compensation forms in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/01
Source: “Submit completed tax forms, workers' compensation forms, pension contribution forms, and other government documents.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 69 out of 100 (65–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Completed forms can be filed automatically, though someone qualified remains answerable for what is submitted.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Submitting payroll data to HMRC via real time information
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: payroll data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Submit payroll data to HMRC via real time information (RTI).” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 69 out of 100 (65–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: The submission itself is automatic in payroll software, though someone stays answerable for the data filed.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assisting in preparing annual accounts
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: preparing annual accounts in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Assist in preparing annual accounts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Drafting accounts from ledger data suits software well, with an accountant reviewing the result.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Processing and managing incoming and outgoing invoices
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: invoices in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Process and manage incoming and outgoing invoices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Invoice capture and processing is largely automated, though queries still need chasing.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Verifying the accuracy of financial accounts
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: the accuracy of financial accounts in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Verify the accuracy of financial accounts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Most checks can be automated, though confirming the accounts are right still takes judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assisting in preparing audit documentation and controlling account reconciliations
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: preparing audit documentation in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/01
Source: “Assist in preparing audit documentation and control account reconciliations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reconciliations and audit schedules can be produced from system data for a reviewer to check.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assisting with monthly and year-end financial reporting
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: this work in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/01
Source: “Assist with monthly and year-end financial reporting, including collation of data from various sources.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Collating data from different sources into monthly and year-end reports suits software well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Calculating costs of materials, overheads and other expenses from estimates and price lists
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: costs of materials, overheads and other expenses in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/01
Source: “Calculate costs of materials, overheads, and other expenses from estimates and price lists.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: The calculation is routine, though how overheads are shared out takes some judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Compiling accounting records to inform direct tax returns under supervision
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: records in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/01
Source: “Compile accounting records to inform direct tax returns under supervision.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Pulling the records together is routine, with a supervisor responsible for the return itself.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing reports on business activities
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: reports in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/01
Source: “Prepare reports on business activities, expenses, and budgets.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reports can be drafted from system data, though the commentary needs a person's read on the business.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Compiling budget data based on estimated revenues
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: budget data in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 4122/01
Source: “Compile budget data based on estimated revenues, expenses, and previous budgets.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Prior figures and estimates pull together easily, though the assumptions need human judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Analysing and reconciling the finalised payroll process
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: the finalised payroll process in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Analyse and reconcile the finalised payroll process, including reporting and disbursements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Payroll reconciliation and reporting run largely on rules the software already applies.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Gathering payroll-related information
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: payroll-related information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Gather payroll-related information such as worker and payment details to ensure statutory and contractual payments can be made on time and accurately.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Collecting worker and payment details so payments run on time is routine system work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Staying informed about changes in tax and deduction laws relevant to payroll
shifting to AI
It is the same call made over and over on informed, with a right answer to check it against. That is what a model is trained on.
importance 75 · 4122/02
Source: “Stay informed about changes in tax and deduction laws relevant to payroll.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 65 out of 100 (58–72 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Tax and deduction changes are public and easily summarised, though acting on them is the person's responsibility.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 4/4.
Responding to telephone enquiries as part of administrative support
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: telephone enquiries in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 4122/01
Source: “Respond to telephone enquiries as part of administrative support.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (60–68 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Most routine enquiries can be answered automatically, though callers often want a person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Answering staff queries about timesheets or payslips
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: staff queries in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 80 · 4122/02
Source: “Answer staff queries about timesheets or payslips.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (60–68 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Most timesheet and payslip questions have standard answers, though staff often prefer asking a person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Evaluating pay, benefits and reporting systems considering technological changes and making recommendations
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: pay, benefits and reporting systems considering technological changes in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 4122/02
Source: “Evaluate pay, benefits, and reporting systems considering technological changes and make recommendations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (60–68 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Comparing systems and drafting recommendations is well within what software does, though the final call is human.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Designing effective communication strategies for payroll services to ensure compliance and efficiency
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: effective communication strategies in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 4122/02
Source: “Design effective communication strategies for payroll services to ensure compliance and efficiency.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 64 out of 100 (57–71 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Drafting a clear communications plan is something software does well from documented requirements.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Transferring details from paper records into computer systems
shifting to AI
This is reading one thing and writing another: details in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 4122/01
Source: “Transfer details from paper records into computer systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 61 out of 100 (57–65 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Software reads and enters documents well, though the paper still has to be gathered and scanned.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing financial statements and accounts
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at financial statements, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Prepare financial statements and accounts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Software drafts the statements, though judgement calls and a qualified sign-off are normally expected.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Analysing and interpreting a wide range of financial information for internal and external stakeholders
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at a wide range of financial information, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 4122/01
Source: “Analyse and interpret a wide range of financial information for internal and external stakeholders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Analysis can be drafted well, but explaining it to stakeholders still takes a person who knows them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assisting with managing both expected and unexpected finance and accounting data requirements
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at managing, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 4122/01
Source: “Assist with managing both expected and unexpected finance and accounting data requirements.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Most data requests can be met from the systems, though unexpected ones need someone to interpret them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Filing documents as part of general office duties
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at documents, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 4122/01
Source: “File documents as part of general office duties.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Filing is largely electronic now, though paper records still need someone to handle them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Ensuring compliance with contractual obligations and statutory requirements in payroll processing
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at compliance, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Ensure compliance with contractual obligations and statutory requirements in payroll processing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Rules can be built into the system, though a competent person stays answerable for compliance.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing and submitting annual tax returns
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at annual tax returns, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 4122/02
Source: “Prepare and submit annual tax returns.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Returns can be drafted from the records, though a qualified person normally checks and signs them off.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Providing information to employees and managers on payroll matters
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at information, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 4122/02
Source: “Provide information to employees and managers on payroll matters, tax issues, benefit schemes, and collective agreement provisions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Answers to most payroll, tax and benefits questions are documented, though people often want to ask a colleague.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Ensuring all transactions and activities are carried out safely and securely to protect the organisation from threats
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at all transactions, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 4122/01
Source: “Ensure all transactions and activities are carried out safely and securely to protect the organisation from threats such as fraud and cybercrime, under the guidance of senior colleagues.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Controls and monitoring can be automated, but responsibility for applying them sits with staff and senior colleagues.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Adhering to organisational internal reporting deadlines and obligations using agreed systems and processes
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at organisational internal reporting deadlines, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 4122/02
Source: “Adhere to organisational internal reporting deadlines and obligations using agreed systems and processes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Scheduling and reminders help, but meeting deadlines and owning the obligations rests with the person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Implementing workplace systems and processes that comply with data protection legislation
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at workplace systems, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 4122/02
Source: “Implement workplace systems and processes that comply with data protection legislation.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Requirements are well documented, though putting compliant processes in place remains a person's responsibility.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Verifying employment history and status of individuals
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at employment history, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 4122/02
Source: “Verify employment history and status of individuals.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 50 out of 100 (43–57 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Records checks can be automated, though confirmations often come from contacting previous employers.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Preparing and processing cheques for financial transactions
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at cheques, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 4122/01
Source: “Prepare and process cheques for financial transactions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 49 out of 100 (42–56 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Cheque runs are calculated automatically, but printing, signing and posting still need a person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Identifying problem-solving techniques applicable in a given situation and taking ownership through to resolution
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at techniques applicable, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 4122/02
Source: “Identify problem-solving techniques applicable in a given situation and take ownership through to resolution.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 49 out of 100 (42–56 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Suggesting approaches is easy, but owning a problem through to resolution stays with the person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Implementing measures to safeguard against anti-money laundering activities
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at measures, but someone has to be answerable for the result, and it cannot be the software. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 4122/01
Source: “Implement measures to safeguard against anti-money laundering activities.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (39–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Checks can be automated, but money laundering controls need a named, accountable person behind them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Escalating complex situations
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at complex situations, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 4122/02
Source: “Escalate complex situations where appropriate.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Rules of thumb can flag cases, but deciding what to escalate and to whom needs judgement.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Collaborating with internal and external parties to deliver services that meet customer needs and adhere to professional and ethical standards
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at internal and external parties, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 4122/01
Source: “Collaborate with internal and external parties to deliver services that meet customer needs and adhere to professional and ethical standards.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Drafting and coordination help a lot, though working with people is the substance here.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Communicating professionally with colleagues and stakeholders at all levels of the organization
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at colleagues, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 4122/02
Source: “Communicate professionally with colleagues and stakeholders at all levels of the organization.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Drafting help is useful, but professional working relationships are held by the person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Guiding colleagues and stakeholders on ensuring timely and accurate payments within the role's scope
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at colleagues, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 70 · 4122/02
Source: “Guide colleagues and stakeholders on ensuring timely and accurate payments within the role's scope.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Guidance can be drafted, though helping colleagues in practice is a working relationship.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Implementing communication strategies to keep all stakeholders
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at communication strategies, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 4122/02
Source: “Implement communication strategies to keep all stakeholders informed, engaged, and involved.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Drafting helps a lot, though keeping people genuinely engaged depends on the person doing it.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Training employees on organisations' timekeeping systems
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at employees, but the part that matters is a person saying it and standing behind it. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 60 · 4122/02
Source: “Train employees on organisations' timekeeping systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 40 out of 100 (33–47 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Guides and training material are easy to produce, though people usually learn better from a colleague.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Handling personal, confidential and sensitive information with strict adherence to legal and organisational confidentiality policies
staying human
The ratings behind this row put personal, confidential and sensitive information well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 70 · 4122/01
Source: “Handle personal, confidential, and sensitive information with strict adherence to legal and organisational confidentiality policies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over.
The rating behind it: Systems help enforce confidentiality, but careful handling of sensitive data is a duty carried by the person.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Balancing the payroll workload with client expectations and available resources
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles the payroll workload and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 4122/02
Source: “Balance the payroll workload with client expectations and available resources.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Planning tools help, but juggling client expectations and team capacity is a judgement call made with people.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Contributing to the recruitment and retention of team members
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles the recruitment and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 60 · 4122/02
Source: “Contribute to the recruitment and retention of team members.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 35 out of 100 (28–42 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Materials and screening help, but choosing and keeping colleagues rests on human judgement and relationships.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Effectivelying communicate through written, verbal and electronic means, selecting the most appropriate method for different circumstances
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles communicate and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 4122/02
Source: “Effectively communicate through written, verbal, and electronic means, selecting the most appropriate method for different circumstances.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 30 out of 100 (23–37 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Written messages are easy to draft, but choosing the right approach with colleagues relies on reading people.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Adhering to and supporting
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles this work and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 4122/01
Source: “Adhere to, and support others to adhere to, relevant legislation and company vision, mission, values, policies and procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 28 out of 100 (21–35 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Rules can be summarised easily, but following them and helping colleagues do so is a person's job.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Engaging in continuous professional development to maintain or improve knowledge and skills
staying human
The ratings behind this row put continuous professional development well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 60 · 4122/02
Source: “Engage in continuous professional development to maintain or improve knowledge and skills.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 26 out of 100 (19–33 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over.
The rating behind it: AI can find and summarise material, but the learning itself is something the teacher has to do.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Preparing cash receipts after establishments close
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: cash receipts after establishments close, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 4122/01
Source: “Prepare cash receipts after establishments close.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: The figures reconcile automatically, but counting the takings needs someone on the premises.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Demonstrating in all actions and interactions the professional ethical standards relevant to the payroll profession
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles all actions and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 70 · 4122/02
Source: “Demonstrate in all actions and interactions the professional ethical standards relevant to the payroll profession, company values and role whilst adhering to legal requirements such as the principles of confidentiality.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Ethical conduct is something a person demonstrates, not an output that can be produced for them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 2/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Activelying support team members to maximise potential in their role and identifying opportunities for development
staying human
The value here is that a specific person handles support team members and stands behind it. That is earned, not computed.
importance 60 · 4122/02
Source: “Actively support team members to maximise potential in their role and identify opportunities for development.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (14–22 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the value is that a specific person does it.
The rating behind it: Developing colleagues depends on knowing them and earning their confidence over time.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 3/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Attending conferences and seminars for professional development
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: conferences, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 50 · 4122/02
Source: “Attend conferences and seminars for professional development.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 17 out of 100 (10–24 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Attending in person is the point of it, even where sessions are also available online.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Operating photocopiers as part of general office or clerical work
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: photocopiers, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 4122/01
Source: “Operate photocopiers as part of general office or clerical work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–7 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Copying needs someone standing at the machine with the paper.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.

What this job pays, and how many people do it

Median pay: £31,600a year, before tax, the middle of the range, so half earn more and half earn less.ashe-t14, 2025 · ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
How we know this
Source: ashe-t14
Reference period: ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)
Rounding: Shown to the nearest £100. The exact published figure is in the downloadable dataset. We do not render pounds the survey cannot support.
People doing this job: 378,700in the UK, 2026.nomis-aps · Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period)This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.

What is deliberately not here: a forecast of how many of these jobs exist in ten years. Where an official projection exists for a market we publish it with its vintage; where it does not, we leave the space empty rather than borrow the other country’s number.

Why this is shifting

The reason is boringly specific. Most of what is shifting here is reading one thing and writing another: statutory contributions like pensions in, a record out. The rows above are exactly that shape: calculating statutory contributions like pensions and National Insurance and reconciling issued payrolls to bank statements. What it cannot do is be there in the room, and that is still where timecards each pay period gets done. Which is why this page talks about your tasks changing, not your job ending.

Your move

Over a pint: what I’d tell you if you were my friend

The exposed part of your job is the biggest part, and I am not going to dress that up: calculating statutory contributions like pensions and National Insurance is work today's tools do quickly and cheaply, and that is not coming back.

So, given all that: 68% of this job's task weight sits in rows the software is already learning, 21% in rows that change shape rather than disappear, and 11% in rows it is nowhere near. That is the position, measured across 109 scored tasks. It is not a forecast about you.

What you have that the software does not is distributing and collecting timecards each pay period, plus the years of knowing when something looks wrong before you can say why. That is the raw material for everything below.

This week: one thing

Sit on the machine's side of the desk. Pick one real piece of statutory contributions like pensions you would normally do yourself, let whatever software you already have take the first pass at it, and then go through what it produced and write down every single thing it got wrong. One evening this week. Do not fix anything yet. Just catch it.

What you end up holding: a written list of the machine’s mistakes, in your handwriting
How long it takes: an evening, or an hour if you pick one job rather than one client

If you can’t run software on your employer’s or your clients’ data: Do the same hunt on paper. Take one printed piece of statutory contributions like pensions, work through it the way you always do, and mark every point where you made a call rather than followed a rule. Same evening, same list, nothing to log into and nobody to ask permission from. That list is the same artifact: it is the judgment written down.

Over the next 90 days

Change one sentence about what you do. Not on a CV. Out loud, to whoever pays you. From “my job is calculating statutory contributions like pensions and National Insurance” to “I check what the software does and tell you what it means.” Your error list from this week is what makes that sentence true instead of a claim, so use it: show it once, to one person, inside the next ninety days. Same skills, priced as judgment rather than as typing.

Over the next 12 months

Walk toward the end of this job that answers for things, and get it recognised. Pick the one part of distributing and collecting timecards each pay period you are already best at, and spend the year making it formal: a qualification, a named responsibility, a specialism people ask for by name. Price it honestly: that is evenings, it is months rather than weeks, and the seats are competitive because everyone in your position is looking at the same door. Before you pay for anything, spend an hour with National Careers Service. It is free and government-funded, and it is listed below with the rest of the free routes.

The roads out of here

Now the roads out, with the honest bill on each one. One route survived the checks. The rest are below with the reason they did not.

Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerksFinance and investment analysts and advisers
a year or morematched on shared tasks
The reports and budget work you already compile are the everyday material of finance analysis - you'd be changing what you do with the figures, not learning figures from scratch.
You already build the numbers someone else interprets; this route is about being the one who interprets them.
The work the two jobs share
- You already do
  “Compile statistical, financial, accounting, or auditing reports and tables...”
  They do
  “Employ financial models to develop solutions to financial problems or to assess the financial or capital impact of transactions.”
- You already do
  “Compile budget data and documents, based on estimated revenues and expenses and previous budgets.”
  They do
  “Inform investment decisions by analyzing financial information to forecast business, industry, or economic conditions.”
What you would not already have: UK 2422 also contains regulated advisers giving advice to clients, which is a different job from analysis and carries its own authorisation regime.
The honest bill
Pay: £50,300 against your £31,600 (ONS ASHE Table 14.7a, 2025 provisional (both)).
- Regulatory: Default-closed. UK 2422 mixes analysts with advisers, and giving regulated financial advice in the UK requires authorisation. The registry lookup was not run against the GOV.UK regulated-professions register for this release, so the cautious form renders: this work may need a licence, registration or authorisation - check the official register before spending money. Route banded year-plus.
- Is the target job itself holding up: Cannot be evaluated. The UK publishes no occupation-level projection equivalent to BLS EP (data/README.md gap 3). The card states the gap rather than borrowing the US number.
- What you live on meanwhile: Earning while studying; free nation-scoped careers advice before spending is in the free routes below (England NCS, Scotland My World of Work, Wales Careers Wales, NI Careers Service).
How long: A year or more of part-time qualification study alongside work; longer if the reader is aiming at the regulated-advice side.
See what AI is doing to finance and investment analysts and advisers
That page has a nearby route → Microsoft 365 Report Builders.

3 moves I checked and rejected

These are the obvious-looking jumps. They are here with their reasons rather than quietly dropped, because the ones that fail are worth knowing about. It is one less thing to turn over at night.

Bank and post office clerks
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “prepare and process cheques for financial transactions”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 4% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 4% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. And it is a narrow door: about 66,300 of those jobs against 378,700 of yours (ONS via Nomis), 18% as many seats.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Chartered and certified accountants
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “prepare financial statements and accounts”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 4% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 4% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Taxation experts
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “prepare and submit annual tax returns”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 3% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 3% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. And it is a narrow door: about 44,700 of those jobs against 378,700 of yours (ONS via Nomis), 12% as many seats.
Look at that job’s page anyway →

What I’d stop worrying about

A friend tells you what not to spend fear on. This is that list.

The headline number you read somewhere
The big “X% of jobs” figures are about the whole economy, not about you. The number that describes your job is on this page: 68% of its task weight, across 109 scored tasks. Every row behind it is printed above with the source. Check ours; ignore theirs.
“It’s too late for me to become something else”
You are not starting from zero, and the page shows why: distributing and collecting timecards each pay period is work the software cannot do and you already do it. The move above is a repricing of what you know, not a new career. Nobody who has just left college has that.
“I should learn to code”
Almost certainly not. The value in your job is moving toward checking, deciding and answering for the output, not toward writing the software. A weekend of Python will not change your position; the error list from this week will.
The “obvious” next job everyone suggests
I checked the obvious moves and most of them did not survive. The reasons are printed with the routes above, including the pay and the gate. A move that fails on the numbers is worth knowing about so you can stop turning it over at night.

If you run a team doing this job

If you run a team doing this job, the conversation you owe them is the one on this page, and sooner than feels comfortable. Show them the ledger rather than a reassurance: the rows moving toward the software are calculating statutory contributions like pensions and National Insurance, and the rows that are not are where you want your people visible. Ask each of them to do the this-week move and bring the list to your next one-to-one. It turns a rumour into a piece of work, and it tells you which parts of your team's week are actually at stake. And say the thing out loud that a team lead usually leaves unsaid: a shrinking team is your exposure too, so do the move yourself as well.

You are reading the United Kingdom figures

The United States splits this work across more than one official group, of which Billing and Posting Clerks is the closest. The pay and employment figures are not directly comparable, and we do not average them together.

Switch to the United States page →partial match

The other groups this work is counted across:

In US official statistics this job is counted as Billing and Posting Clerks, Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks and Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks. Pay is shown separately for each of those groups (medians cannot be averaged together), while the task list and the scores on this page are for this group only.

Your route through this

Two honest options, and no deadline on either

Free, and complete

The moves above cost nothing. These are the real services that go with them: public, government-funded, and free at the point of use. Nothing on this page is behind an email address or a payment.

In England:
National Careers Service
A free hour with a government-funded careers adviser is worth more than another evening of reading. In England that's the National Careers Service.
Free, government-funded
- Discover your skills and careers (the skills assessment)
In England:
National Careers Service - Find a course
Search what's actually running near you before you spend anything.
Free to search; individual courses vary
In England:
Free courses for jobs (Level 3 qualifications)
A free Level 3 qualification you already qualify for beats a paid course you don't need.
Free for eligible adults
In England:
Skills Bootcamps
Free, up to 16 weeks, and you get a job interview at the end. In England these are Skills Bootcamps - search what's running near you.
Free for eligible adults in England
- Skills Bootcamps - what they are and who can do them (DfE, Skills for Careers)
- Skills Bootcamps - JobHelp (DWP)
In Scotland:
My World of Work (Skills Development Scotland)
In Scotland it's My World of Work, from Skills Development Scotland.
Free, publicly funded
- Skills Development Scotland
In Wales:
Careers Wales
In Wales it's Careers Wales.
Free, Welsh Government-funded
In Northern Ireland:
Careers Service Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland it's the Careers Service on nidirect.
Free, Department for the Economy-funded

A nearby route

There's no Space built for book-keepers yet.

Collab365 Spaces is built by the same people as this site. We find the problems that AI and automation are creating inside one kind of work, then solve them as short courses, briefings and Blueprints. Each Space is the community too, so the research and the people doing your job are in the same place.

What a Space actually is, in full

The closest match is Microsoft 365 Report Builders - a community for people who build business reports in Excel, Power Query and Power BI without a data team behind them. That overlaps with the part of your job that's growing: compiling the reports and checks, rather than keying in the entries. If that overlap isn't you, the free route below covers the same ground.

Try Microsoft 365 Report Builders free →

7 days free, no card needed. Explore up to 2 Spaces before you choose a plan: you pick a plan later, not now.

After the trial it is a paid community, and you get identical data either way. If the overlap above is not your job, the moves above cost nothing and stand on their own.

Nearby moves

The jobs above, as pages you can read the same way as this one. Your job shares its core work with these. That is what the match is, and it is all it is.

Finance and investment analysts and advisers →You already build the numbers someone else interprets; this route is about being the one who interprets them.has a nearby route → Microsoft 365 Report Builders

Noted, and thank you. We’ll email you if a Space for book-keeper launches. Nothing else.

That did not look like an email address, so nothing was saved. Have another go below.

We could not save that. The fault is ours, not yours, and your address was not stored. Please try again later.

No deadline on any of this. The page will still be here, and the data is refreshed on a published schedule rather than when someone wants a headline.

Questions people ask about this job

Will AI replace Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks?: Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 109 official task statements scored for Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks (United Kingdom, SOC 4122), 68% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 66 out of 100 (range 61–71, band: high). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.
Which tasks in “Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks” can AI already do?: The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Manage financial accounts and process expense claims” (93/100, very high); “Perform basic bookkeeping duties for financial record maintenance” (93/100, very high); “Prepare trial balances of books” (93/100, very high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.
Which tasks in “Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks” stay human?: About 11% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Operate photocopiers as part of general office or clerical work” (0/100, minimal); “Send cash, cheques, or other forms of payment to banks” (9/100, minimal); “Distribute and collect timecards each pay period” (10/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.
What should someone working in “Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks” do about AI?: Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 68% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 11% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.
How is the AI exposure score for Book-keepers, payroll managers and wages clerks calculated?: Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 109 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

Where these numbers come from

About the data on this page

Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.
One task scored differently between repeat runs, so its range on this page is wider. We would rather show the wobble than hide it.
One row is marked low confidence, so treat it as a ballpark rather than a fine measurement.
The match between this job and its counterpart in the other country is partial, so the two pages count slightly different groups of people.
5 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Task statements: gaisi-indexProcessing: catalogue-bridge → ssc-relatedness-weighting → task-scoring → score-aggregation
Task weights: gaisi-index (relatedness)
Scores: Rubric task_scoring_v1.0, model claude-opus-5, computed 2026-08-05.
Pay and employment: ashe-t14 (ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025))nomis-aps (Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period))

Figures on this page come from release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Every release keeps its own permanent address, so a figure you cite in March is still there, unchanged, in November.

The plain-English wording on this page is assembled directly from the task statements and the published ratings, not written by hand for this occupation. That is why it is specific, and it is also why we say so.

The routes and free resources further up are today’s, not the release’s (last reviewed 2026-08-05). A route is an offer, not a historical fact, so it moves on its own clock.

How we score a job Download this release Look up another job

Using these figures?

Cite this

Everything on this site is published under CC BY 4.0. Quote it, chart it, sell something built on it. Just say where it came from, and cite the dated release rather than the site, so the figure you quote stays checkable.

Plain text

Collab365 (2026). Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1 (methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0). https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Built with O*NET data (USDOL/ETA, CC BY 4.0); ONS data (Open Government Licence v3.0); GAISI task framework (arXiv:2507.22748, MIT); BLS data (public domain).

BibTeX

@misc{collab365futureproof2026q41,
  title        = {Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1},
  author       = {{Collab365}},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1},
  note         = {Release 2026-q4.1, methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0, CC BY 4.0}
}

Permalink

https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1

Data as of release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Releases never change after publication; when the figures move, a new dated release is published beside this one and this one stays exactly where it is.