Will AI replace Welding trades?

Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 92 official task statements scored for Welding trades (United Kingdom, SOC 5213), 2% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 9 out of 100 (range 7–14, band: minimal). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.

Which tasks in “Welding trades” can AI already do?

The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Calculate cost estimates for labour and materials” (93/100, very high); “Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials according to specifications” (66/100, high); “Collate and submit quality records information including batch identification, welder identification, weld map and quality dossier” (66/100, high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.

Which tasks in “Welding trades” stay human?

About 90% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Set up and operate shears to form and assemble metal components” (0/100, minimal); “Build fixtures or jigs to hold parts in place” (0/100, minimal); “Achieve welding qualifications in accordance with recognized international standards, ensuring professional competency and licensure for practice” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.

What should someone working in “Welding trades” do about AI?

Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 2% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 90% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.

How is the AI exposure score for Welding trades calculated?

Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 92 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

UK dataswitch to US

Welding trades

assembling and positioning plate and structural components, inspecting the quality of joints using precision measuring instruments and inspecting weld preparations, surface conditions and cleanliness. If that's your week, this page is about your job.

The honest answer

AI changes the edges of this job, not the middle: hammering out bulges or bends in metal workpieces is work software can't reach.

Your move: what you can actually do about this ↓

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 2%
changing shape: 8%
staying human: 90%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

Whole-job exposure score 9 out of 100 (7–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, across 92 scored tasks. The number is the support for the sentence above it, not a headline about anyone’s future.

How we know this

What is measured: Every published task statement for welding trades is rated on five dimensions: can a model produce the output, does the work need a body in a room, does it need a legally accountable person, does it depend on a person being trusted in the moment, and how much data exists. A published formula turns those five ratings into the score; the model never writes the number.

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

What shifts is calculating cost estimates for labour and materials: the paper around the work, not the work.

Your week, as this page understands it

Welding trades workers join metal parts by welding, brazing and soldering, and cut and remove defects from metal using a variety of equipment and techniques. The job title says “welding trades”. The real job is the part underneath: hammering out bulges or bends in metal workpieces. That is the thing someone has to be right about.

The exposed part of this job is specific, and we won’t pretend it is coming back. But welding trades is not one task. It is 92 scored ones, and they are nowhere near equally exposed. The most durable of them, on this evidence, is hammering out bulges or bends in metal workpieces, and the ledger below shows exactly why.

Where the work sits, by task weight

shifting to AI: 2%
changing shape: 8%
staying human: 90%

These bars are tasks changing hands, not people being counted out. The ledger below shows which.

How we know this

How the bar is built: Each task’s share of the bar is its published importance weight, so a task you do all day counts for more than one you do twice a year.

Release: 2026-q4.1, scores computed 2026-08-04. Read the full method.

Your job, task by task

These are the official task statements for this occupation, in plain English, sorted by what the evidence says is happening to each one. The official wording sits under every line so you can check the rewrite against it.

2 tasks scored differently between repeat runs, so their range on this page is wider. We would rather show the wobble than hide it.
31 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Shifting to AI

3 tasks

Tasks today’s tools can already do most of. This is the part we will not soften: where these rows are the bulk of your week, the week changes.

Selecting pipe sizes, types or related materials according to specifications
This is reading one thing and writing another: pipe sizes, types or related materials in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 75 · 5213/02
Source: “Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials according to specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (62–70 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Choosing pipe sizes and materials against a written specification is calculation and lookup work software does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Collating and submitting quality records information
This is reading one thing and writing another: quality records information in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Collate and submit quality records information including batch identification, welder identification, weld map and quality dossier.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 66 out of 100 (59–73 allowing for uncertainty): high exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Assembling batch, welder and weld-map records into a quality dossier is document handling software does well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Calculating cost estimates for labour and materials
This is reading one thing and writing another: cost estimates in, a record out. That is the shape today's tools are built for.
importance 60 · 5213/02
Source: “Calculate cost estimates for labour and materials.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 93 out of 100 (89–97 allowing for uncertainty): very high exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Costing labour and materials from rates and quantities is spreadsheet arithmetic.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 4/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Changing shape

7 tasks

Tasks where the machine takes the producing and a person keeps the checking, the deciding, or the answering-for-it. For most jobs this is the biggest group, and it is where "transformation, not termination" is literally visible.

Applying knowledge of metal properties
The software now makes the first pass at knowledge of metal properties, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Apply knowledge of metal properties, welding principles, and workshop mathematics to calculate and record settings for new work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 49 out of 100 (42–56 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Working out and writing down settings from metal properties and standard formulas is calculation software supports well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Reading engineering drawings, illustrations or specifications to determine layouts
The software now makes the first pass at drawings, illustrations or specifications, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Read engineering drawings, illustrations, or specifications to determine layouts, sequences of operations, or identities or relationships of parts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 43 out of 100 (36–50 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading drawings to work out layout and order of operations is interpretation software is increasingly capable of.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Interpreting technical specifications and drawings to establish welding process controls
The software now makes the first pass at technical specifications, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Interpret technical specifications and drawings to establish welding process controls, select consumables, and control distortion.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 49 out of 100 (42–56 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Turning specifications into welding procedures and consumable choices is documented technical work software drafts well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Demonstrating an understanding of the mechanical properties and weldability of materials used in the welding process
The software now makes the first pass at an understanding of the mechanical properties, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 85 · 5213/03
Source: “Demonstrate an understanding of the mechanical properties and weldability of materials used in the welding process, ensuring the selection of suitable materials for each welding job.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 49 out of 100 (42–56 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Choosing suitable materials from their known properties is documented technical knowledge software handles well.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.

Staying human

82 tasks

Tasks that stay with a person, because they happen in the physical world, because the rules need someone accountable, or because the value is that a specific person does them.

Hammering out bulges or bends in metal workpieces
This work happens in the physical world: bulges, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/01, 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Hammer out bulges or bends in metal workpieces.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Hammering metal straight is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Operating cutting torches or welding equipment to cut or join metal parts
This work happens in the physical world: torches, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Operate cutting torches or welding equipment to cut or join metal parts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting and joining metal with a torch is entirely manual work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Welding components in flat, vertical or overhead positions
This work happens in the physical world: components, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Weld components in flat, vertical, or overhead positions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–7 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence, and it moved between repeat runs, so the range is widened.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Welding is hands-on work with a torch on the metal.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.

Show the other 82 tasks

Reading specifications, such as blueprints, to determine construction requirements or to plan procedures
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at specifications, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 80 · 5213/02
Source: “Read specifications, such as blueprints, to determine construction requirements or to plan procedures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 58 out of 100 (51–65 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Reading drawings to work out requirements is desk work, though software still misreads construction drawings often.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 0/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Establishing the sequence of pipe installations
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at the sequence of pipe installations, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 5213/02
Source: “Establish the sequence of pipe installations.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (49–63 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Sequencing pipe installation is planning work built from drawings and standard method statements.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Completing production documentation and reporting at the appropriate stages of the work activity
changing shape
The software now makes the first pass at production documentation, but the deciding part still needs a person. So the job becomes checking and deciding rather than producing.
importance 75 · 5213/03
Source: “Complete production documentation and reporting at the appropriate stages of the work activity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 56 out of 100 (52–60 allowing for uncertainty): partial exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: reading one thing and writing another; the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Filling in production records and reports at each stage is written work software drafts to a usable standard.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Selecting torch tips, alloys, flux, coil, tubing or wiring based on metal types, thicknesses and data charts
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: torch tips, alloys, flux, coil, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Select torch tips, alloys, flux, coil, tubing, or wire based on metal types, thicknesses, and data charts.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Choosing consumables from data charts is a lookup task software does well, though it happens with the job in front of you.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 3/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Planning pipe system layout according to specifications
staying human
The ratings behind this row put pipe system layout well outside what today's tools can do on their own.
importance 75 · 5213/02
Source: “Plan pipe system layout according to specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 38 out of 100 (31–45 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch.
The rating behind it: Software can lay out a pipe run from the specification, but real site constraints usually need a person to resolve.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 1/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Monitoring productivity, quality and consumable consumption during welding of components
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: productivity, quality and consumable consumption during welding, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Monitor productivity, quality, and consumable consumption during welding of components.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 29 out of 100 (22–36 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Tracking output and consumable use is record-keeping software supports, though the watching happens on the shop floor.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Planning and preparing for welding plate and structural components before starting work
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: welding plate, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Plan and prepare for welding plate and structural components before starting work.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 25 out of 100 (18–32 allowing for uncertainty): low exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Planning the sequence can be drafted, but preparing the plate and setting up is physical.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Observing gauges for pressure losses to test internal seams for leaks
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: gauges, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Observe gauges for pressure losses to test internal seams for leaks.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 18 out of 100 (11–25 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Someone has to set up the pressure test and watch the gauge on the actual vessel.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Planning installation around obstructions, such as electrical wiring
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: installation around obstructions, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Plan installation around obstructions, such as electrical wiring.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 14 out of 100 (7–21 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Planning around real obstructions needs someone looking at the actual installation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 2/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Monitoring parameters, Preheat, Interpass Temperature and Heat Input during welding of plate and structural components
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parameters, preheat, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Monitor parameters such as Preheat, Interpass Temperature, and Heat Input during welding of plate and structural components.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Temperatures are measured on the job as welding happens, though the recording side is straightforward.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Completing and checking the finished weld
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the finished weld, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5213/03
Source: “Complete and check the finished weld, readying it for inspection, and accurately reporting findings into the production control system.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 13 out of 100 (6–20 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; mistakes that are cheap to catch; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Finishing and checking the weld is hands-on, though entering the findings into the system is simple.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 2/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Adhering to established safe working practices
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: established safe working practices, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Adhere to established safe working practices.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (6–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Safe practice is documented, but following it is a welder doing so at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Following instructions on engineering drawings
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: instructions, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/02
Source: “Follow instructions on engineering drawings.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (6–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: The drawing can be read by software, but following it means doing the work at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Returning unused consumables for re conditioning and re-use or disposal
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: unused consumables, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 60 · 5213/02
Source: “Return unused consumables for re conditioning and re-use or disposal.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 10 out of 100 (3–17 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Returning consumables involves handling and moving physical stock.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inspecting workpieces for defects to ensure joint integrity
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/01
Source: “Inspect workpieces for defects to ensure joint integrity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (5–13 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Judging a joint means looking closely at the actual metal, though the report afterwards is paperwork.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inspecting the quality of joints using precision measuring instruments
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the quality of joints, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/02
Source: “Inspect the quality of joints using precision measuring instruments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (2–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring joints with precision instruments means handling the parts.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inspecting weld preparations, surface conditions and cleanliness
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: weld preparations, surface conditions and cleanliness, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Inspect weld preparations, surface conditions and cleanliness.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (2–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking preparation and cleanliness means looking at and feeling the actual surfaces.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Checking materials conform to the specified grades
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: materials conform, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Check materials conform to the specified grades, dimensions, thicknesses and diameters.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (2–16 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Checking grades and thicknesses means measuring the real material against the paperwork.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inspecting workpieces for defects to ensure weld quality
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/03
Source: “Inspect workpieces for defects to ensure weld quality.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 9 out of 100 (5–13 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Judging weld quality means examining the actual joint.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Avoiding overheating, warping, shrinking, distortion or expansion of material
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: distortion, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Avoid overheating, warping, shrinking, distortion, or expansion of material.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Controlling heat distortion is judgement applied with the torch in hand as the work progresses.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Inspecting the final pipe weld and component
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the final pipe weld, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Inspect the final pipe weld and component to ensure, surface finish, weld profile and component geometry meet specification.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Checking the finished weld means examining the real component, and certified inspectors carry the responsibility.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Applying coatings material applications and methods to meet customer specifications
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: coatings material applications, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Apply coatings material applications and methods to meet customer specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Applying coatings to meet a specification is hands-on work with materials and equipment.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Diagnosing and repairing faulty system components in plumbing and heating systems
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: faulty system components, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Diagnose and repair faulty system components in plumbing and heating systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (1–15 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Fault-finding and repair is hands-on, and any gas-fired part must be handled by a Gas Safe registered engineer.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inspecting structures to assess material or equipment needs
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: structures, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Inspect structures to assess material or equipment needs.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 8 out of 100 (4–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Assessing what a structure needs means looking at the structure.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Detecting faulty operation of equipment or defective materials and notifying supervisors
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: faulty operation of equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Detect faulty operation of equipment or defective materials and notify supervisors.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 7 out of 100 (0–14 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Noticing a machine or material is faulty comes from working with it, though the report is simple.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 1/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Adhering to health, safety and quality requirements consistently during all welding operations
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: health, safety and quality requirements consistently, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Adhere to health, safety, and quality requirements consistently during all welding operations, ensuring a safe and quality-controlled working environment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 5 out of 100 (0–12 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, medium confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Working safely is something a person does with their hands and attention on the job.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Installing or repairing pipe systems according to specifications
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pipe systems, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/02
Source: “Install or repair pipe systems according to specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 5 out of 100 (1–9 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Pipe systems are installed and repaired by hand, however precise the specification.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Installing equipment designed to reduce water or energy consumption
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Install equipment designed to reduce water or energy consumption.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 5 out of 100 (1–9 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting water and energy saving equipment is manual installation work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 3/4 · needs an accountable person 1/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Melting, and applying soldering to workpieces' adjoining edges using soldering irons
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpieces' adjoining edges, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5213/01
Source: “Melt and apply solder to workpieces' adjoining edges using soldering irons, gas torches, or electric-ultrasonic equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Applying solder requires hands on the iron or torch.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Activating and adjusting gas flow and pressure by turning regulator valves to achieve desired flames
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: gas flow, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Activate and adjust gas flow and pressure by turning regulator valves to achieve desired flames.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Turning regulator valves to set the flame is physical work at the equipment.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Aligning and clamping workpieces together
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpieces together, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Align and clamp workpieces together using rules, squares, or hand tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Aligning and clamping metal parts is hands-on work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Guiding and directing flames or electrodes on or across workpieces
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: flames, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Guide and direct flames or electrodes on or across workpieces to straighten, bend, melt, or build up metal.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Guiding a flame or electrode across metal is skilled hand work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Igniting torches or starting power supplies to prepare for welding
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: torches, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Ignite torches or start power supplies to prepare for welding.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Lighting torches and powering up is done by hand at the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Operating brazing safety equipment to ensure safe metal joining
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: safety equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/01
Source: “Operate brazing safety equipment to ensure safe metal joining.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Operating safety equipment during brazing means being at the workstation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Striking arcs by touching electrodes to metals
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: arcs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Strike arcs by touching electrodes to metals being welded, completing electrical circuits.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Striking an arc is a physical act with the electrode.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Welding using aluminium, stainless steel, cast iron and other alloys
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: aluminium, stainless steel, cast iron and other alloys, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Weld using aluminium, stainless steel, cast iron, and other alloys.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Welding different alloys is manual work at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Inspecting assembled or finished products to ensure conformance
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: assembled, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Inspect assembled or finished products to ensure conformance to specifications, using precision measuring instruments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring finished products with precision instruments requires handling them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Preheating workpieces, using heating furnaces or hand torches
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Preheat workpieces, using heating furnaces or hand torches.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–7 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence, and it moved between repeat runs, so the range is widened.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Preheating a workpiece with a furnace or torch is a hands-on shop-floor step.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Setting up welding machines for fabricating metal products or assemblies
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: welding machines, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Set up welding machines for fabricating metal products or assemblies.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting up a welding machine is hands-on work at the equipment.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Cleaning or degreasing parts, using wire brushes, portable grinders or chemical baths
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: parts, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Clean or degrease parts, using wire brushes, portable grinders, or chemical baths.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cleaning parts is physical preparation work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Lifting and positioning metal stock or workpieces in machines
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: metal stock, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Lift and position metal stock or workpieces in machines, securing them with fasteners and hand tools, manually or using hoists.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Lifting and securing metal stock is physical handling.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Measuring workpiece dimensions using micrometres to ensure accuracy
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: workpiece dimensions, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Measure workpiece dimensions using micrometres to ensure accuracy.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Measuring parts with a micrometre requires handling them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Performing repairs to salvage usable materials
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: repairs, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Perform repairs to salvage usable materials, using hand tools and machine tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Repair work is done with tools on the actual material.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Buffing edges of workpieces to be joined for a snug fit using hand tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: edges of workpieces, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Buff edges of workpieces to be joined for a snug fit using hand tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Buffing edges by hand is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Removing grease, dirt, paint or rust from surfaces using abrasives, solvents, brushes, blowtorches, washing tanks or sandblasters in preparation for paint application
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: grease, dirt, paint or rust, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Remove grease, dirt, paint, or rust from surfaces using abrasives, solvents, brushes, blowtorches, washing tanks, or sandblasters in preparation for paint application.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Surface cleaning is physical preparation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Trimming scrape or deburr objects or parts, using chisels, scrapers and other hand tools and equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: scrape, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/01, 5213/03
Source: “Trim, scrape, or deburr objects or parts, using chisels, scrapers, and other hand tools and equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Trimming and deburring parts with hand tools is physical work at the bench.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Assembling and installing pipework using appropriate methods
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pipework, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5213/02
Source: “Assemble and install pipework using appropriate methods, techniques, and equipment, including welded, threaded, bolted, and clamped jointing solutions.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Welding, threading and bolting pipework together is manual work at the pipe.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Aligning and positioning pipes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pipes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/02
Source: “Align and position pipes for welding, ensuring cleanliness and matching specifications.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Lining pipes up for welding means holding and adjusting the real pipe.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Using appropriate tools, equipment and techniques to weld pipe and tubes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: appropriate tools, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/02
Source: “Use appropriate tools, equipment and techniques to weld pipe and tubes, whilst considering welding parameters on the integrity of the finished material properties, characteristics and risk of defects.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Pipe welding is skilled manual work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Welding piping, such as high density polyethylene, HDPE) piping, using techniques, butt, socket, side-wall and electro-fusion welding
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: as high density polyethylene, hdpe), in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/02
Source: “Weld piping, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE) piping, using techniques such as butt, socket, side-wall, and electro-fusion welding.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Fusion welding pipe is hands-on, and operators are normally expected to hold a current welder approval.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Adjusting and maintaining the equipment to be used during the welding of pipes and tubes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Adjust and maintain the equipment to be used during the welding of pipes and tubes, applicable to the process being used.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Adjusting and maintaining welding equipment is hands-on.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Attaching pipes to walls, structures or fixtures, such as radiators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools or welding equipment
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pipes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/02
Source: “Attach pipes to walls, structures, or fixtures, such as radiators or tanks, using brackets, clamps, tools, or welding equipment.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fixing pipes to walls with brackets and clamps is manual installation work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Cutting pipes to required lengths
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pipes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/02
Source: “Cut pipes to required lengths.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting pipe to length is a hands-on shop or trench task with no digital version.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 1/4.
Preparing materials for welding or joining processes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: materials, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/02
Source: “Prepare materials for welding or joining processes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Preparing material for welding is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Assisting pipefitters in the layout
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pipefitters, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/02
Source: “Assist pipefitters in the layout, assembly, and installation of piping for air, ammonia, gas, and water systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Helping lay out and fit piping is physical work on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Cutting openings in structures to accommodate pipes or pipe fittings using hand or power tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: openings, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/02
Source: “Cut openings in structures to accommodate pipes or pipe fittings using hand or power tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Cutting openings in a structure with power tools is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Dressing finished weld cap as required in the specification to accommodate subsequent inspection techniques
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: finished weld cap, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/02
Source: “Dress finished weld cap as required in the specification to accommodate subsequent inspection techniques.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Dressing the weld cap is manual finishing work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Installing and inspecting piping or valves to ensure proper function and safety
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: valves, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/02
Source: “Install and inspect piping or valves to ensure proper function and safety.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing pipework and valves is physical work on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Installing or repairing sanitary or stormwater sewer structures or pipe systems
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: sanitary, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/02
Source: “Install or repair sanitary or stormwater sewer structures or pipe systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing and repairing sewer pipework is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Maintaining pipe systems, units, fittings or related machinery using hand or power tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pipe systems, units, fittings or related machinery, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/02
Source: “Maintain pipe systems, units, fittings, or related machinery using hand or power tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Maintaining pipework with hand and power tools is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Threading pipes using pipe threaders
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pipes, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/02
Source: “Thread pipes using pipe threaders.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Threading pipe with a threading machine is manual work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Applying remedial material conditioning appropriate to the preparation processes
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: this work, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Apply remedial material conditioning appropriate to the preparation processes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Conditioning the material is hands-on preparation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Assisting plumbers in repairing water pipes by providing technical support and expertise
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: plumbers, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Assist plumbers in repairing water pipes by providing technical support and expertise.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Repairing water pipes is physical work on site.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Establishing necessary purging and bore protection of the weld deposit
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: necessary purging and bore protection of the weld, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Establish necessary purging and bore protection of the weld deposit using dams, barriers, pastes, or fluxes.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Setting up purging and barriers is physical work inside the joint.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Extending piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: needed, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Extend piping as needed to connect fixtures and plumbing.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Extending pipework to reach fixtures is hands-on installation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing pipe systems to support alternative energy-fuelled systems like geothermal heating or cooling systems
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: pipe systems, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Install pipe systems to support alternative energy-fuelled systems like geothermal heating or cooling systems.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Installing pipe systems for heat pumps or geothermal is manual installation work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Installing various components, including electrical and plumbing, using hand or power tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: this work, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Install various components, including electrical and plumbing, using hand or power tools.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fitting electrical and plumbing components with hand tools is physical installation.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Locating and marking the position of pipe installations and fixtures in structures using rulers and levels
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the position of pipe installations, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Locate and mark the position of pipe installations and fixtures in structures using rulers and levels.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Marking out pipe and fixture positions is done on site with rule and level.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Maintaining plumbing by replacing defective washers
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: replacing defective washers, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Maintain plumbing by replacing defective washers.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Changing a washer is a hands-on repair.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Removing material using manual powered and non-powered hand tools
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: material, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Remove material using manual powered and non-powered hand tools, before and during welding to remove defects within the preparation and weld deposit.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Grinding out defects is manual work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Repairing hydraulic or air pumps
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: hydraulic, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Repair hydraulic or air pumps.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Repairing pumps requires hands on the machine.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Restoring the work area and equipment to a safe and reliable condition on completion of the activity
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the work area, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02, 5213/03
Source: “Restore the work area and equipment to a safe and reliable condition on completion of the activity.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making the site and equipment safe at the end of a job is physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Securing steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: steel supports, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Secure steel supports from ceiling joists to hold pipes in place.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Fixing steel supports to joists is physical installation work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Shutting off steam, water or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or spanners
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: steam, water or other gases or liquids, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Shut off steam, water, or other gases or liquids from pipe sections, using valve keys or spanners.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Isolating pipe sections with valve keys is a physical act at the valve.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 1/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Testing operation of plumbing fixtures
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: operation of plumbing fixtures, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 70 · 5213/02
Source: “Test operation of plumbing fixtures.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Testing fixtures means operating them in place.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Assembling and positioning plate and structural components
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: plate, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 95 · 5213/03
Source: “Assemble and position plate and structural components to be welded, including attachment of bracings, strong-backs, alignment aids, run-on and run-off tabs and backing materials (e.g. ceramic, metallic etc.).” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Assembling and bracing plate components is heavy physical work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Operating welding safety equipment to prevent accidents
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: safety equipment, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 95 · 5213/03
Source: “Operate welding safety equipment to prevent accidents.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Using welding safety equipment is part of physically doing the job.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Making the joints to specified dimensional accuracy using appropriate welding techniques
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: the joints, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 90 · 5213/03
Source: “Make the joints to specified dimensional accuracy using appropriate welding techniques.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Making an accurate joint is manual welding skill.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Adjusting alignment of installed components using measuring instruments
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: alignment of installed components, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 85 · 5213/03
Source: “Adjust alignment of installed components using measuring instruments.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Adjusting installed components means physically moving them.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Achieving welding qualifications in accordance with recognized international standards
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: qualifications, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/03
Source: “Achieve welding qualifications in accordance with recognized international standards, ensuring professional competency and licensure for practice.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: the same decision, made over and over; work that happens in the physical world; someone qualified has to answer for it.
The rating behind it: Welder qualification is earned by producing test pieces that are physically examined.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 2/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 3/4.
Building fixtures or jigs to hold parts in place
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: fixtures, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 80 · 5213/03
Source: “Build fixtures or jigs to hold parts in place.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Building jigs is workshop fabrication work.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.
Setting up and operating shears to form and assembling metal components
staying human
This work happens in the physical world: and operating shears, in a real place. Software cannot follow it there.
importance 75 · 5213/03
Source: “Set up and operate shears to form and assemble metal components.” (UK task statement)
How this row was scored
Exposure score: 0 out of 100 (0–4 allowing for uncertainty): minimal exposure, high confidence.
Why it sits in this group: work that happens in the physical world.
The rating behind it: Operating shears is machine work done by hand.
The five ratings: output a model can produce 0/4 · needs a body in a room 4/4 · needs an accountable person 0/4 · needs to be trusted in the moment 0/4 · how much data exists 2/4.

What this job pays, and how many people do it

Median pay: £35,300a year, before tax, the middle of the range, so half earn more and half earn less.ashe-t14, 2025 · ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
How we know this
Source: ashe-t14
Reference period: ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025)
Rounding: Shown to the nearest £100. The exact published figure is in the downloadable dataset. We do not render pounds the survey cannot support.
People doing this job: 49,800in the UK, 2026.nomis-aps · Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period)This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.

What is deliberately not here: a forecast of how many of these jobs exist in ten years. Where an official projection exists for a market we publish it with its vintage; where it does not, we leave the space empty rather than borrow the other country’s number.

Why this is shifting

The reason is boringly specific. Most of what is shifting here is reading one thing and writing another: cost estimates in, a record out. The rows above are exactly that shape: calculating cost estimates for labour and materials and selecting pipe sizes, types or related materials according to specifications. What it cannot do is be there in the room, and that is still where bulges get done. Which is why this page talks about your tasks changing, not your job ending.

Your move

Over a pint: what I’d tell you if you were my friend

Start with what does not change: hammering out bulges or bends in metal workpieces is the middle of this job, and the evidence on this page says it stays with a person.

So, given all that: 2% of this job's task weight sits in rows the software is already learning, 8% in rows that change shape rather than disappear, and 90% in rows it is nowhere near. That is the position, measured across 92 scored tasks. It is not a forecast about you.

So the thing worth your attention is not the job going away. It is the layer around it. Calculating cost estimates for labour and materials is the part turning into software, and being the person who understands that layer is worth money.

This week: one thing

Ask the one question. Find whoever is bringing new software into your workplace (the manager, the office, whoever runs the system) and ask them what it is meant to do to cost estimates, and what it is not meant to touch. Ten minutes, this week, before anyone decides it for you.

What you end up holding: a straight answer about what is actually being rolled out, and when
How long it takes: ten minutes

If there’s nobody obvious to ask, or you’d rather not ask your manager: Put the same question to your union rep, your shift lead or the person who has been there longest, in person, over a break. Same ten minutes, same answer, and you will usually get a straighter one. Write down what they say. The note is the artifact, and it tells you whether bulges are in scope or not. Nothing to log into, no licence needed.

Over the next 90 days

Get inside the tool rollout rather than waiting for it. Over the next ninety days, ask to be in the group that tests, checks or signs off whatever new system arrives near applying knowledge of metal properties. It is usually an unglamorous seat that nobody fights for, and it is the one that decides how the software is used on your job rather than to it.

Over the next 12 months

On this evidence I would not retrain out of this job, and I will say that plainly rather than hedge it. The task list here is dominated by work that stays with a person. What I would do with a year is get formally recognised for the layer around it (the systems, the compliance, the planning), so you are the one who understands the software instead of the one it is done to. Before you pay for anything, spend an hour with National Careers Service. It is free and government-funded, and it is listed below with the rest of the free routes.

The roads out of here, and why I am not sending you down them

I looked at the obvious moves out of this job, and here is what I found.

I checked the 12 nearest UK occupations to welding trades (nearest by the work that AI is not taking, not by job title), and none of them survived. The closest was sheet metal workers: only about 9% of its durable work is work you already do and there are far fewer of those jobs than of yours. And on the numbers you do not need one. This job scores 9/100 here, with only 2% of the task list in the top band, and “adhere to established safe working practices” is not work that hands over cleanly. None of them beats deepening what you already have.

How that was checked: this job was compared against all 412 UK occupations in this release on their official task statements, and the 12 nearest were examined one by one. A move that turns on an industry, an employer or a qualification rather than on the work itself will not show up in a check like that. And this release carries no licence register, so anything you are weighing needs that looked up separately.

3 moves I checked and rejected

These are the obvious-looking jumps. They are here with their reasons rather than quietly dropped, because the ones that fail are worth knowing about. It is one less thing to turn over at night.

Sheet metal workers
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “operate cutting torches or welding equipment to cut or join metal parts”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 9% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 9% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. And it is a narrow door: about 10,400 of those jobs against 49,800 of yours (ONS via Nomis), 21% as many seats.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Pipe fitters
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “assemble and install pipework using appropriate methods, techniques, and equipment”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 5% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 5% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. And it is a narrow door: about 3,700 of those jobs against 49,800 of yours (ONS via Nomis), 7% as many seats.
Look at that job’s page anyway →
Tool makers, tool fitters and markers-out
Why it looked obvious: It came up as a near neighbour because one of your tasks is on their list in the same words: “measure workpiece dimensions using micrometres to ensure accuracy”. Across the whole of both lists that adds up to about 5% of the work in that job the software is not taking.
Why I am not recommending it: Almost none of it is work you already do: about 5% of the durable side of that job. That is a different job, not a next step. And it is a narrow door: about 8,600 of those jobs against 49,800 of yours (ONS via Nomis), 17% as many seats.
Look at that job’s page anyway →

What I’d stop worrying about

A friend tells you what not to spend fear on. This is that list.

The headline number you read somewhere
The big “X% of jobs” figures are about the whole economy, not about you. The number that describes your job is on this page: 2% of its task weight, across 92 scored tasks. Every row behind it is printed above with the source. Check ours; ignore theirs.
The headlines about your trade disappearing
They are usually about the technology, not the timetable. Changes to work like hammering out bulges or bends in metal workpieces arrive through rules, insurance and money, slowly and visibly. This page tracks the task evidence and will move when it moves.
Retraining out of a job that is holding up
On this evidence I would not spend money leaving. Spend it on the layer around the job instead: the tools, the paperwork, the planning. That is where the change actually is.
The “obvious” next job everyone suggests
I checked the obvious moves and most of them did not survive. The reasons are printed with the routes above, including the pay and the gate. A move that fails on the numbers is worth knowing about so you can stop turning it over at night.

You are reading the United Kingdom figures

The United States splits this work across more than one official group, of which Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers is the closest. The pay and employment figures are not directly comparable, and we do not average them together.

Switch to the United States page →partial match

The other groups this work is counted across:

Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders

In US official statistics this job is counted as Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers and Welding, Soldering, and Brazing Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders. Pay is shown separately for each of those groups (medians cannot be averaged together), while the task list and the scores on this page are for this group only.

Your route through this

Where to go next, and what it costs

Free, and complete

The moves above cost nothing. These are the real services that go with them: public, government-funded, and free at the point of use. Nothing on this page is behind an email address or a payment.

In England:
National Careers Service
A free hour with a government-funded careers adviser is worth more than another evening of reading. In England that's the National Careers Service.
Free, government-funded
- Discover your skills and careers (the skills assessment)
In England:
National Careers Service - Find a course
Search what's actually running near you before you spend anything.
Free to search; individual courses vary
In England:
Free courses for jobs (Level 3 qualifications)
A free Level 3 qualification you already qualify for beats a paid course you don't need.
Free for eligible adults
In England:
Skills Bootcamps
Free, up to 16 weeks, and you get a job interview at the end. In England these are Skills Bootcamps - search what's running near you.
Free for eligible adults in England
- Skills Bootcamps - what they are and who can do them (DfE, Skills for Careers)
- Skills Bootcamps - JobHelp (DWP)
In Scotland:
My World of Work (Skills Development Scotland)
In Scotland it's My World of Work, from Skills Development Scotland.
Free, publicly funded
- Skills Development Scotland
In Wales:
Careers Wales
In Wales it's Careers Wales.
Free, Welsh Government-funded
In Northern Ireland:
Careers Service Northern Ireland
In Northern Ireland it's the Careers Service on nidirect.
Free, Department for the Economy-funded

Why there is no community here

Collab365, who build this site, run paid Spaces for a small number of subjects, and none of them is built for this job. We are not going to point you at the nearest one and call it a fit.

So the free services listed on this page are the whole answer, and it is the same answer we would give a friend.

Noted, and thank you. We’ll email you if a Space for welding trades launches. Nothing else.

That did not look like an email address, so nothing was saved. Have another go below.

We could not save that. The fault is ours, not yours, and your address was not stored. Please try again later.

No Space for welding trades yet. Should there be one?

Collab365 Spaces is built by the same people as this site. We find the problems that AI and automation are creating inside one kind of work, then solve them as short courses, briefings and Blueprints. Each Space is the community too, so the research and the people doing your job are in the same place.

What a Space actually is, in full

Collab365 launches new communities where the need is real. If one for welding trades existed, with researched problems, courses and people in the same boat, would you want in?

Your email

We use your email address for one thing: to tell you if a Space for welding trades launches. We never sell it, never use it for unrelated marketing, and every email has a one-click unsubscribe. Our privacy policy has the full version.

This unlocks nothing. Every figure, every row and every step on this page is already yours, whether you fill this in or not.

No deadline on any of this. The page will still be here, and the data is refreshed on a published schedule rather than when someone wants a headline.

Questions people ask about this job

Will AI replace Welding trades?: Not as a job, but it is already doing parts of the work. Across the 92 official task statements scored for Welding trades (United Kingdom, SOC 5213), 2% of the importance-weighted core work is made of tasks today's AI could already do most of. The overall exposure score is 9 out of 100 (range 7–14, band: minimal). That is a statement about tasks, not about headcount: this measures what AI could do, not whether any employer adopts it, whether the law allows it, or whether doing the routine parts faster creates more demand for the human parts. Figures are from release 2026-q4.1.
Which tasks in “Welding trades” can AI already do?: The highest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Calculate cost estimates for labour and materials” (93/100, very high); “Select pipe sizes, types, or related materials according to specifications” (66/100, high); “Collate and submit quality records information including batch identification, welder identification, weld map and quality dossier” (66/100, high). Each score comes from five published 0–4 ratings turned into a number by a published formula, and each carries the model's one-sentence reason on the page.
Which tasks in “Welding trades” stay human?: About 90% of this job's task weight sits in work that scores low for AI exposure. The lowest-scoring tasks in release 2026-q4.1 are: “Set up and operate shears to form and assemble metal components” (0/100, minimal); “Build fixtures or jigs to hold parts in place” (0/100, minimal); “Achieve welding qualifications in accordance with recognized international standards, ensuring professional competency and licensure for practice” (0/100, minimal). Low scores usually mean the task needs a body in a room, a legally accountable human, or trust built in real time. Those are the three things the scoring rubric treats as gates rather than obstacles.
What should someone working in “Welding trades” do about AI?: Start from the ledger rather than the headline: 2% of this job's weighted core work is exposed, and roughly 90% is not. The practical move is to spend more of your week on the tasks that score low, the ones above, and to get fluent at directing AI through the tasks that score high, because those are the parts that change whether or not you are ready for them. This page does not predict your job, and nothing here is career advice tailored to you: the score describes the occupation, not the person.
How is the AI exposure score for Welding trades calculated?: Each official task statement for the occupation is rated on five published 0–4 dimensions (output replicability, physical embodiment, licensed accountability, real-time human trust, and data availability) by claude-opus-5 using scoring prompt task_scoring_v1.0. The model never writes the score; a published formula turns the five ratings into a 0–100 number, so every score can be recomputed by hand. The occupation figure is the importance-weighted mean across 92 scored tasks. The prompt, the rubric, the formula and the full dataset are published at https://futureproof.collab365.com/method and https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1 under CC BY 4.0.

Where these numbers come from

About the data on this page

Provisional, because the ONS revises this figure in the autumn.
This headcount comes from a survey, not a census, so treat it as a good estimate rather than an exact count.
2 tasks scored differently between repeat runs, so their range on this page is wider. We would rather show the wobble than hide it.
The match between this job and its counterpart in the other country is partial, so the two pages count slightly different groups of people.
31 of this occupation's scored task statements carry a score that was measured under a different occupation's context, because the statement is shared between jobs and has only been scored once so far. Each one names the occupation it was measured under in the free routes below; none is presented as a measurement for this job.
Task clusters are not derived in this release, so the task-cluster field is empty and no Collab365 Space routing is attached to this occupation yet.

Task statements: gaisi-indexProcessing: catalogue-bridge → ssc-relatedness-weighting → task-scoring → score-aggregation
Task weights: gaisi-index (relatedness)
Scores: Rubric task_scoring_v1.0, model claude-opus-5, computed 2026-08-05.
Pay and employment: ashe-t14 (ASHE 2025 provisional (reference April 2025))nomis-aps (Apr 2025-Mar 2026 (latest APS 12-month period))

Figures on this page come from release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Every release keeps its own permanent address, so a figure you cite in March is still there, unchanged, in November.

The plain-English wording on this page is assembled directly from the task statements and the published ratings, not written by hand for this occupation. That is why it is specific, and it is also why we say so.

The routes and free resources further up are today’s, not the release’s (last reviewed 2026-08-05). A route is an offer, not a historical fact, so it moves on its own clock.

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Everything on this site is published under CC BY 4.0. Quote it, chart it, sell something built on it. Just say where it came from, and cite the dated release rather than the site, so the figure you quote stays checkable.

Plain text

Collab365 (2026). Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1 (methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0). https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1. Licensed CC BY 4.0. Built with O*NET data (USDOL/ETA, CC BY 4.0); ONS data (Open Government Licence v3.0); GAISI task framework (arXiv:2507.22748, MIT); BLS data (public domain).

BibTeX

@misc{collab365futureproof2026q41,
  title        = {Collab365 Futureproof: task-level AI exposure for US and UK occupations, release 2026-q4.1},
  author       = {{Collab365}},
  year         = {2026},
  url          = {https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1},
  note         = {Release 2026-q4.1, methodVersion 2.0.0, promptVersion task_scoring_v1.0, CC BY 4.0}
}

Permalink

https://futureproof.collab365.com/data/2026-q4.1

Data as of release 2026-q4.1, published 2026-08-05. Releases never change after publication; when the figures move, a new dated release is published beside this one and this one stays exactly where it is.